|
Book
|
N. C. Brady and R. R. Weil
|
N. C. Brady and R. R. Weil. 1996. The Nature and Properties of Soils 960. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. |
|
Book
|
P. G. Biddle
|
P. G. Biddle. 1998. Tree Root Damage to Buildings. Volume 1: Causes, Diagnosis and Remedy 376. Willowmead Publishing, Ltd, Wantage, UK. |
|
Book
|
D. F. Cutler and I. B. K. Richardson
|
D. F. Cutler and I. B. K. Richardson. 1989. Tree Roots and Buildings 71. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow, Essex, England. |
|
Book
|
D. F. Cutler and P. J. Rudall and P. E. Gasson and R. M. O. Gale
|
D. F. Cutler and P. J. Rudall and P. E. Gasson and R. M. O. Gale. 1987. Root identification manual of trees and shrubs: A guide to the anatomy of roots of trees and shrubs hardy in Britain and Northern Europe 245. Chapman and Hall, London. |
|
Report
|
|
2008. Managing Stormwater for Urban Sustainability Using Trees and Structural Soils 63. ed. S. D. Day and S. B. Dickinson, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA. |
|
Book
|
R. W. Harris and J. Clark and N. M. Matheny
|
R. W. Harris and J. Clark and N. M. Matheny. 1999. Arboriculture: the integrated management of trees, shrubs, and vines. 3rd Ed. 687. Prentice-Hall, Engelwoods Cliffs, NJ. |
|
Book
|
A. L. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo. 1986. A New Tree Biology Dictionary 132. Shigo and Trees, Associates, Durham, NH. |
|
Book
|
A. L. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo. 1991. Modern Arboriculture 424. Shigo and Trees, Associates, Durham, NH. |
|
Article
|
P. Rakochy and C. Hawkins
|
P. Rakochy and C. Hawkins. 2006. BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management 7: 72-30. |
|
Book
|
H. D. Foth
|
H. D. Foth. 1990. Fundamentals of Soil Science (8th Edition) 380. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. |
|
Book
|
P. J. Craul
|
P. J. Craul. 1992. Urban Soils in Landscape Design 416. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, NY. |
|
Book
|
L. D. Baver and W. H. Gardner and W. R. Gardner
|
L. D. Baver and W. H. Gardner and W. R. Gardner. 1972. Soil physics (4th edition) 498. John Miley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. |
|
Book
|
J. Urban
|
J. Urban. 2008. Up by Roots: Healthy Soils and Trees in the Built Environment 479. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL . |
|
Book
|
L. R. E. Landon
|
L. R. E. Landon. 1991. Booker Tropical Soil Manual 474. Longman, Burnt Mill, Harlow, UK. |
|
Book
|
P. Bullock and P. J. Gregory
|
P. Bullock and P. J. Gregory. 1991. Soils in the Urban Environment 174. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, Great Britain. |
|
Book
|
W. Larcher
|
W. Larcher. 1975. Physiological Plant Ecology 533. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY. |
|
Book
|
R. S. Russell
|
R. S. Russell. 1977. Plant Root Systems: Their Functions and Interaction with the Soil 298. McGraw-Hill, London, England. |
|
Book
|
P. J. Kramer and T. T. Kozlowski
|
P. J. Kramer and T. T. Kozlowski. 1979. Physiology of Woody Plants 811. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. |
|
Book
|
S. E. Smith and D. J. Read
|
S. E. Smith and D. J. Read. 1996. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (Second Edition) 605. Academic Press, New York, NY. |
|
Book
|
L. R. Costello and K. S. Jones
|
L. R. Costello and K. S. Jones. 2003. Reducing infrastructure damage by tree roots: a compendium of strategies 119. Western Chapter of the International Society of Arboriculture, Cohasset, CA. |
|
Article
|
Phillip van Mantgem and Nathan L. Stephenson
|
Phillip van Mantgem and Nathan L. Stephenson. 2004. Does coring contribute to tree mortality?. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34: 2394-2398. |
|
Article
|
Zical Xu and Theodor D. Leininger and James G. Williams and Frank H. Tainter
|
Zical Xu and Theodor D. Leininger and James G. Williams and Frank H. Tainter. 2000. Examination of the Arborsonic Decay Detector for detecting bacterial wetwood in red oaks. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 24: 6-10. |
|
Article
|
B. C. P. Kane and H. D. P. Ryan
|
B. C. P. Kane and H. D. P. Ryan . 2003. Examining formulas that assess strength loss due to decay in trees: woundwood toughness improvement in red maple (Acer rubrum). Journal of Arboriculture 29: 207-217. |
|
Article
|
H. Kubler
|
H. Kubler. 1983. Mechanism of frost crack formation in trees--a review and synthesis. Forest Science 29: 559-568. |
|
Report
|
E. D. Rast and J. A. Beaton and D. L. Sonderman
|
E. D. Rast and J. A. Beaton and D. L. Sonderman. 1989. Photographic guide of selected external defect indicators and associated internal defects in white oak. 24. |
|
Article
|
D. I. Haase and R. Rose
|
D. I. Haase and R. Rose. 1993. Soil moisture stress induces transplant shock in stored and unstored 2+0 Douglas-fir seedlings of varying root volume. Forest Science 39: 275-294. |
|
Report
|
A. N. S. Institute
|
A. N. S. Institute. 2004. Standard Practices (Fertilization) (A300, Part 2). Tree, Shrub, and Other Woody Plant Maintenance 16. Tree Care Industry Association, Manchester, NH. |
|
Article
|
J. L. Sandoz and P. Lorin
|
J. L. Sandoz and P. Lorin. 1996. Tares iares internes de bois sur pied : Détection par ultrasons (Internal defects in standing timber: ultrasound detection). Revue Forestiere Francaise 48: 231-240. |
|
Article
|
M. P. Coutts
|
M. P. Coutts. 1979. 3-The physiological characteristics of trees, and damage to buildings by root activity. Arboricultural Journal 3: 413-419. |
|
Article
|
D. Sinnett and J. Poole and T. R. Hutchings
|
D. Sinnett and J. Poole and T. R. Hutchings. 2008. A comparison of cultivation techniques for successful tree establishment on compacted soil. Forestry 81: 663-679. |
|
Article
|
P. D. Mitchell and D. J. Chalmers
|
P. D. Mitchell and D. J. Chalmers. 1983. A comparison of microjet and point emitter (trickle) irrigation in the establishment of a high-density peach orchard. HortScience 18: 472-474. |
|
Article
|
S. D. Day and J. R. Seiler and N. Persaud
|
S. D. Day and J. R. Seiler and N. Persaud. 2000. A comparison of root growth dynamics of silver maple and flowering dogwood in compacted soil at differing soil water contents. Tree Physiology 20: 257-263. |
|
Article
|
C. M. Greco and A. Lee and D. Ham and E. T. Smiley and E. H. Law
|
C. M. Greco and A. Lee and D. Ham and E. T. Smiley and E. H. Law. 2004. A computer simulation of an alternative design to tree crown support systems. Journal of Arboriculture 30: 6. |
|
Article
|
Gunter Sinn and Lothar Wessolly
|
Gunter Sinn and Lothar Wessolly. 1989. A contribution to the proper assessment of the strength and stability of trees. Arboricultural Journal 13: 45-65. |
|
Article
|
Claus Matteck and K. Bethge
|
Claus Matteck and K. Bethge. 2005. A critic of the static integrated analysis (SIA) method. Arboricultural Journal 28: 191-200. |
|
Article
|
M. Lawson and D. O'Callaghan
|
M. Lawson and D. O'Callaghan. 1995. A critical analysis of the role of trees in damage to low rise buildings. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 90-97. |
|
Article
|
S.B. Mickovski and A. Stokes and L.P.H. van Beek
|
S.B. Mickovski and A. Stokes and L.P.H. van Beek. 2005. A decision support tool for windthrow hazard assessment and prevention. Forest Ecology and Management 216: 64-76. |
|
Article
|
P. J. Craul
|
P. J. Craul. 1985. A description of urban soils and their desired characteristics. Journal of Arboriculture 11: 330-339. |
|
Article
|
Y. Kuroda and K. Katsuya
|
Y. Kuroda and K. Katsuya. 1987. A diagnosis of heart rot of Japanese larch with borescopes. Bull. Exp. For. Tsukuba Univ. 3: 83-87. |
|
Article
|
S. J. Mitchell
|
S. J. Mitchell. 1998. A diagnostic framework for windthrow risk estimation. Forestry Chronicle 74: 100-105. |
|
Article
|
A.H. England and C.J. Baker and S.E.T. Saunderson
|
A.H. England and C.J. Baker and S.E.T. Saunderson. 2000. A dynamic analysis of windthrow of trees. Forestry 73: 225-238. |
|
Article
|
Paolo Gonthier and Giovanni Nicolotti
|
Paolo Gonthier and Giovanni Nicolotti. 2007. A field key to iIdentify common wood decay fungal species on standing trees . Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33: 410-420. |
|
Article
|
Lionel X. Dupuy and Thierry Fourcaud and Patrick Lac and Alexia Stokes
|
Lionel X. Dupuy and Thierry Fourcaud and Patrick Lac and Alexia Stokes. 2007. A generic 3D finite element model of tree anchorage integrating soil mechanics and real root system architecture. American J. Botany 94: 1506-1514. |
|
Article
|
Jean-Claude Ruel and S. K. Mitchell and M. Dornier
|
Jean-Claude Ruel and S. K. Mitchell and M. Dornier. 2002. A GIS Based Approach to Map Wind Exposure for Windthrow Hazard Rating. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 19: 183-187. |
|
Book
|
P. Sterken
|
P. Sterken. 2005. A guide for tree-stability analysis. Peter Sterken. |
|
Article
|
C. Mattheck and H. Breloer and K. Bethge
|
C. Mattheck and H. Breloer and K. Bethge. 1994. A guide to fractometer tree assessment. Arborist News 3: 9-12. |
|
Book
|
James R. Clark and Nelda P. Matheny
|
James R. Clark and Nelda P. Matheny. 1993. A handbook of hazard tree evaluation for utility arborists. 34. International Society of Arboriculture. |
|
Article
|
Tobias Kerzenmacher and Barry Gardiner
|
Tobias Kerzenmacher and Barry Gardiner. 1998. A mathematical model to describe the dynamic response of a spruce tree to the wind. Trees - Structure and Function 12: 385-394. |
|
Article
|
Heli M. Peltola and Seppo Kellomäki and H. Väisänen and V. P. Ikonen
|
Heli M. Peltola and Seppo Kellomäki and H. Väisänen and V. P. Ikonen. 1999. A mechanistic model for assessing the risk of wind and snow damage to single trees and stands of Scots pine, Norway spruce, and birch. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 647-661. |
|
Article
|
B. C. Scharenbroch
|
B. C. Scharenbroch. 2009. A meta-analysis of studies published in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry relating to organic materials and impacts on soil, tree, and environmental properties. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 35: 221-231. |
|
Book Section
|
Alexia Stokes and Michael Drexhage and D. Guitard
|
Alexia Stokes and Michael Drexhage and D. Guitard. 2000. A method for predicting the possible site of failure in trees during mechanical loading. The supporting roots of trees and woody plants: form, funciton and physiology. 279-286. ed. ed. A. Stokes, Springer. |
|
Article
|
W. R. Gill and R. D. Miller
|
W. R. Gill and R. D. Miller. 1956. A method for study of the influence of mechanical impedance and aeration on the growth of seedling roots. Soil Science Society of America Journal 20: 154-157. |
|
Article
|
C. Hackett
|
C. Hackett. 1972. A method of applying nutrients locally to roots under controlled conditions, and some morphological effects of locally applied nitrate on the branching of wheat roots. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 25: 1169-1180. |
|
Article
|
N. Anselmi and G. Bragaloni
|
N. Anselmi and G. Bragaloni. 1992. A method to identify wood decay basidiomycetes by using enzymatic comparisons. Micologia Italiana 2: 15-20. |
|
Article
|
F. Guglielmo and S. E. Bergemann and P. Gonthier and G. Nicolotti and M. Garbelotto
|
F. Guglielmo and S. E. Bergemann and P. Gonthier and G. Nicolotti and M. Garbelotto. 2007. A multiplex PCR-based method for the detection and early identification of wood rotting fungi in standing trees. Journal of Applied Microbiology 103: 1490-1507. |
|
Article
|
Claus Matteck and K. Bethge and I. Tesari and R. Kappel
|
Claus Matteck and K. Bethge and I. Tesari and R. Kappel. 2002. A new failure criterion for non decayed solitary trees. Arboricultural Journal 26: 43-54. |
|
Article
|
A. Habermehl
|
A. Habermehl. 1982. A new non-destructive method for detecting internal wood conditions and decay in living trees. Part 1: principles, method and apparatus. Arboricultural Journal 6: 1-8. |
|
Article
|
A. Habermehl
|
A. Habermehl. 1982. A new non-destructive method for detecting internal wood conditions and decay in living trees. Part 1: results and further developments. Arboricultural Journal 6: 121-130. |
|
Article
|
J. Grabosky and N. Bassuk
|
J. Grabosky and N. Bassuk. 1995. A new urban tree soil to safely increase rooting volumes under sidewalks. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 187-201. |
|
Article
|
L. Dupuy and T. Fourcaud and a. Stokes
|
L. Dupuy and T. Fourcaud and a. Stokes. 2005. A numerical investigation into factors affecting the anchorage of roots in tTension. European Journal of Soil Science 56: 319-327. |
|
Article
|
Lionel Dupuy and Thierry Fourcaud and Alexia Stokes
|
Lionel Dupuy and Thierry Fourcaud and Alexia Stokes. 2005. A numerical investigation into the influence of soil type and root architecture on tree anchorage. Plant and Soil 278: 119-134. |
|
Book
|
Nelda P. Matheny and James R. Clark
|
Nelda P. Matheny and James R. Clark. 1994. A photographic guide to the evaluation of hazard trees in urban areas. 89. International Society of Arboriculture. |
|
Conference
|
E. A. M. Couenberg
|
E. A. M. Couenberg. 2009. A preliminary study evaluating oxygen status beneath different surface-hardening materials for park use. The Landscape Below Ground III: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils 189-202. ed. G. W. Watson and L. Costello and B. Scharenbroch and E. Gilman, International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. |
|
Report
|
R. Prasad and P. R. Moody
|
R. Prasad and P. R. Moody. 1974. A preliminary study on the chemical control of maple roots (Acer saccharinum L.) with herbicides. Report, Chemical Control Research Institute 10. |
|
Article
|
Alpo Hassinen and Matti Lemettinen and Heli Peltola and Seppo Kellomäki and Barry Gardiner
|
Alpo Hassinen and Matti Lemettinen and Heli Peltola and Seppo Kellomäki and Barry Gardiner. 1998. A prism-based system for monitoring the swaying of trees under wind loading. Agricultural Forest Meteorology 90: 187-194. |
|
Conference
|
P. Gaidula
|
P. Gaidula. 1975. A report on tree hazard problems and a brief review of research. Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the 26th Western Forest Insect Work Conference and the 22nd Western International Forest Disease Work Conference. 80-81. |
|
Article
|
J. Morgenroth
|
J. Morgenroth. 2008. A review of root barrier research. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34: 84-88. |
|
Article
|
J. Jellison and C. Jasalavich
|
J. Jellison and C. Jasalavich. 2000. A review of selected methods for the detection of degradative fungi. International Biodeterioration \& Biodegradation 46: 241-244. |
|
Article
|
Kana Kamimura and Norihiko Shiraishi
|
Kana Kamimura and Norihiko Shiraishi. 2007. A review of strategies for wind damage assessment in Japanese forests. Journal of Forest Research 12: 162-176. |
|
Article
|
S. D. Day and N. L. Bassuk
|
S. D. Day and N. L. Bassuk. 1994. A review of the effects of soil compaction and amelioration treatments on landscape trees. Journal of Arboriculture 20: 9-17. |
|
Article
|
T. R. Randrup and E. G. McPherson and L. R. Costello
|
T. R. Randrup and E. G. McPherson and L. R. Costello. 2003. A review of tree root conflicts with sidewalks, curbs, and roads. Urban Ecosystems 5: 209-225. |
|
Article
|
P. G. Blackwell and K. Rennolls and M. Coutts
|
P. G. Blackwell and K. Rennolls and M. Coutts. 1990. A root anchorage model for shallowly rooted Sitka spruce. Forestry 63: 73-91. |
|
Book
|
Charles Guard and Mark A. Lander
|
Charles Guard and Mark A. Lander. 1999. A scale relating tropical cyclone wind speed to potential damage for the tropical Pacific ocean region: A user's manual. National Weather Station, Pacific Region Headquarters. |
|
Conference
|
G. Foret and A. Alaoui Soulimani and J. L. Laurencot and H. Bossuat
|
G. Foret and A. Alaoui Soulimani and J. L. Laurencot and H. Bossuat. 1998. A software for the evaluation of wind stability of trees: CILVA. 496: 289-297. Acta Hort (ISHS). |
|
Article
|
G. Prior and P. M. Berthouex
|
G. Prior and P. M. Berthouex. 1967. A study of salt pollution of soil by highway salting. Highway Resource Record 193: 8-21. |
|
Article
|
S. J. Hodge and R. Boswell
|
S. J. Hodge and R. Boswell. 1993. A study of the relationship between site conditions and urban tree growth. Journal of Arboriculture 19: 358-367. |
|
Article
|
W. C. Croxton
|
W. C. Croxton. 1939. A study of the tolerance of trees to breakage by ice accumulation. Ecology 20: 71-73. |
|
Article
|
R. Carnell and M. A. Anderson
|
R. Carnell and M. A. Anderson. 1986. A technique for extensive field measurement of soil anaerobism by using rusting of steel rods. Forestry 59: 129-140. |
|
Article
|
W. Galinsky
|
W. Galinsky. 1989. A windthrow-risk determination for coniferous trees. Forestry 62: 139-146. |
|
Article
|
K. Smith and P. May and R. White
|
K. Smith and P. May and R. White. 2010. Above and belowground growth of Corymbia maculate in a constructed soil: the effect of profile design and organic amendment. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36: 11-17. |
|
Article
|
M. J. Krasowski and J. N. Owens and L. E. Tackaberry and H. B. Massicotte
|
M. J. Krasowski and J. N. Owens and L. E. Tackaberry and H. B. Massicotte. 1999. Above- and below-ground growth of white spruce seedlings with roots divided into different substrates with or without controlled-release fertilizer. Plant and Soil 217: 131-143. |
|
Article
|
D. R. Helliwell
|
D. R. Helliwell. 1990. Acceptable levels of risk associated with trees. Arboricultural Journal 14: 159-162. |
|
Book
|
L. A. Paine
|
L. A. Paine. 1971. Accident Hazard Evaluation and Control Decisions on Forested Recreation Sites. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. |
|
Book
|
L. A. Paine
|
L. A. Paine. 1966. Accidents caused by hazardous trees on California forest recreation sites. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, US Dept. of Agriculture. |
|
Article
|
M. A. Cunningham and E. Snyder and D. Yonkin and M. Ross and E. Toren
|
M. A. Cunningham and E. Snyder and D. Yonkin and M. Ross and E. Toren. 2008. Accumulation of deicing salts in soils in an urban environment. Urban Ecosystems 11: 17-31. |
|
Book
|
Xiping Wang and R. Bruce Allison and Lihai Wang and Robert J. Ross
|
Xiping Wang and R. Bruce Allison and Lihai Wang and Robert J. Ross. 2007. Acoustic tomography for decay detection in red oak trees. 7. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. |
|
Article
|
Bruce C. Nicoll and Duncan Ray
|
Bruce C. Nicoll and Duncan Ray. 1996. Adaptive growth of tree root systems in response to wind action and site conditions. Tree Physiology 16: 891-898. |
|
Article
|
A. Huttermann and M. Zommorodi and K. Reise
|
A. Huttermann and M. Zommorodi and K. Reise. 1999. Addition of hydrogels to soil for prolonging the survival of Pinus halepensis seedlings subjected to drought. Soil & Tillage Research 50: 295-304. |
|
Book
|
L. A. Paine
|
L. A. Paine. 1973. Administrative goals and safety standards for hazard control on forested recreation sites.. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. |
|
Article
|
K. Y. Chan and L. Van Zwieten and I. Meszaros and A. Downie and S. Joseph
|
K. Y. Chan and L. Van Zwieten and I. Meszaros and A. Downie and S. Joseph. 2007. Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Australian Journal of Soil Research 45: 629-634. |
|
Article
|
S. Messenger
|
S. Messenger. 1986. Alkaline runoff, soil pH and white oak manganese deficiency. Tree Physiology 2: 317-325. |
|
Article
|
H. Okamoto and H. Maenaka
|
H. Okamoto and H. Maenaka. 2006. Alkalinization of concrete-neighboring areas and urban greening. Environmental Information Science 35: 84-85. |
|
Article
|
D. T. Walters and A. R. Gilmore
|
D. T. Walters and A. R. Gilmore. 1976. Allelopathic effects of fescue on the growth of sweetgum. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2: 469-479. |
|
Article
|
Karl J. Niklas and Hanns-Christof Spatz
|
Karl J. Niklas and Hanns-Christof Spatz. 2006. Allometric theory and the mechanical stability of large trees: proof and conjecture. American Journal of Botany 93: 824-828. |
|
Article
|
R. L. Hummel and C. R. Johnson
|
R. L. Hummel and C. R. Johnson. 1985. Amended backfills: their cost and effect on transplant growth and survival. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 3: 76-79. |
|
Book
|
Anonymous
|
Anonymous. 2004. American Standards for Nursery Stock, ANSI Z60.1. 113. American Association of Nurserymen, Washington, DC. |
|
Conference
|
E. A. M. Couenberg
|
E. A. M. Couenberg. 1994. Amsterdam tree soil. The Landscape Below Ground: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils 24-33. ed. G. W. Watson and D. Neely, International Society of Arboriculture, Savoy, IL. |
|
Article
|
M. Terho
|
M. Terho. 2009. An assessment of decay among urban Tilia, Betula, and Acer trees felled as hazardous. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 8: 77-85. |
|
Article
|
P. Blackburn and J. A. Petty
|
P. Blackburn and J. A. Petty. 1988. An assessment of the static and dynamic factors involved in wind throw.. Forestry 61: 29-43. |
|
Article
|
A. Stokes and T. Fourcaud and J. Hruslka and J. Cermak and N. Nadezhdina and V. Nadezhdin and L. Praus
|
A. Stokes and T. Fourcaud and J. Hruslka and J. Cermak and N. Nadezhdina and V. Nadezhdin and L. Praus. 2002. An evaluation of different methods to investigate root system architecture of urban trees in situ. I. Ground-penetrating radar. Journal of Arboriculture 28: 2-10. |
|
Article
|
J. D. MacDonald and L. R. Costello and T. Berger
|
J. D. MacDonald and L. R. Costello and T. Berger. 1993. An evaluation of soil aeration status around healthy and declining oaks in an urban environment in California. Journal of Arboriculture 19: 209-219. |
|
Article
|
A. Stokes and J. Ball and A. H. Fitter and P. Brain and M. P. Coutts
|
A. Stokes and J. Ball and A. H. Fitter and P. Brain and M. P. Coutts. 1996. An experimental investigation of the resistance of model root systems to uprooting. Annals of Botany 78: 415-421. |
|
Article
|
F. W. M. R Schwarze and David Lonsdale and S. Fink
|
F. W. M. R Schwarze and David Lonsdale and S. Fink. 1997. An overview of wood degradation patterns and their implications for tree hazard assessment. Arboricultural Journal 21: 1-32. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Hudler and M. A. Beale
|
G. W. Hudler and M. A. Beale. 1981. Anatomical features of girdling root injury. Arboricultural Journal 5: 131-136. |
|
Article
|
T. Lundström and T. Jonas and V. Stöckli and W. Ammann
|
T. Lundström and T. Jonas and V. Stöckli and W. Ammann. 2007. Anchorage of mature conifers: resistive turning moment, root-soil plate geometry and root growth orientation. Tree Physiology 27: 1217-1227. |
|
Article
|
K. B. Bevington and W. S. Castle
|
K. B. Bevington and W. S. Castle. 1985. Annual root growth pattern of young citrus trees in relation to shoot growth, soil temperature, and soil water content. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 110: 840-845. |
|
Article
|
W. S. Castle
|
W. S. Castle. 1983. Antitranspirant and root canopy pruning effects on mechanically transplanted eight-year-old Murcott citrus trees. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 108: 981-985. |
|
Article
|
J. Yang and G. Zhang and Y. Zhao and X. Ruan and Y. Y. He
|
J. Yang and G. Zhang and Y. Zhao and X. Ruan and Y. Y. He. 2005. Application and comparison of soil compaction indexes in the evaluation of urban soils. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering 21: 51-55. |
|
Article
|
G. Nicolotti and L. V. Socco and R. Martinis and A. Godio and L. Sambuelli
|
G. Nicolotti and L. V. Socco and R. Martinis and A. Godio and L. Sambuelli. 2003. Application and comparison of three tomographic techniques for detection of decay in trees. Journal of Arboriculture 29: 66-78. |
|
Conference
|
W. F. Miller
|
W. F. Miller. 1989. Application of ground-penetrating radar to detection of internal defect in standing trees. Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing of Wood. 262-273. |
|
Article
|
A. Habermehl and H.-W. Ridder
|
A. Habermehl and H.-W. Ridder. 1993. Application of tomography for non-destroying investigations on wood of living trees: Forestry studies. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 51: 1-6. |
|
Article
|
A. Habermehl and H.-W. Ridder
|
A. Habermehl and H.-W. Ridder. 1993. Application of tomography for non-destroying investigations on wood of living trees: Studies on park and avenue trees. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 51: 101-106. |
|
Article
|
P. J. Wilson and J. D. Allen and J. C. F. Walker
|
P. J. Wilson and J. D. Allen and J. C. F. Walker. 1982. Appraisal of the Shigometer technique. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 12: 86-95. |
|
Book
|
Victor D. Merullo and M. J. Valentine
|
Victor D. Merullo and M. J. Valentine. 2004. Arboriculture and the law. International Soceity of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. |
|
Book
|
Richard W. Harris and James R. Clark and Nelda P. Matheny
|
Richard W. Harris and James R. Clark and Nelda P. Matheny. 2003. Arboriculture: Integrated Management of Landscape Trees, Shrubs, and Vines. 592. Prentice Hall. |
|
Article
|
P. E. Wiseman and C. E. Wells
|
P. E. Wiseman and C. E. Wells. 2009. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation affects root development of Acer and Magnolia species. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 27: 70-79. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson
|
G. W. Watson. 1987. Are auxins practical for B&B trees? . American Nurseryman 166: 183-184. |
|
Article
|
W. H. Livingston
|
W. H. Livingston. 1990. Armillaria Ostoyae in young spruce plantations . Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20: 1773-1778. |
|
Article
|
P. Singh and G. C. Carew
|
P. Singh and G. C. Carew. 1983. Armillaria root rot on urban trees: another perspective to the root rot problem in Newfoundland. Canadian Plant Disease Survey 63: 3-6. |
|
Report
|
A. S. o. Engineers
|
A. S. o. Engineers. 1999. ASAE Standard: S313.3 Soil cone penetrometer. 2. American Society of Agricutlural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, MI. |
|
Conference
|
J. Kopinga
|
J. Kopinga. 1994. Aspects of the damage to asphalt road pavings caused by tree roots. The Landscape Below Ground: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils 165-178. ed. G. W. Watson and D. Neely, International Society of Arboriculture, Savoy, IL. |
|
Report
|
Kim D. Coder
|
Kim D. Coder. 1996. Assessing extent and severity of mechanical injuries in trees. 4. |
|
Conference
|
B. R. Fraedrich and E. T. Smiley
|
B. R. Fraedrich and E. T. Smiley. 2002. Assessing the failure potential of tree roots. Tree Structure and Mechanics Conference Proceedings: How Trees Stand Up and Fall Down 159-163. ed. E. T. Smiley and K. D. Coder, International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. |
|
Article
|
E. Valinger and L. Lundqvist and L. Bondesson
|
E. Valinger and L. Lundqvist and L. Bondesson. 1993. Assessing the risk of snow and wind damage from tree physical characteristics. Forestry 66: 249-260. |
|
Conference
|
A. Chuisoli and A. Minelli
|
A. Chuisoli and A. Minelli. 1999. Assessment and comparison of most common diagnostic tools in lime wood-decay. Proc. Intl. Symp. on Urban Tree Health. 496: 229-232. Acta Hort (ISHS). |
|
Book
|
Xiping Wang and Ferenc Divos and Crystal Pilon and Brain K. Brashaw and Robert J. Ross and Roy F. Pellerin
|
Xiping Wang and Ferenc Divos and Crystal Pilon and Brain K. Brashaw and Robert J. Ross and Roy F. Pellerin. 2004. Assessment of decay in standing timber using stress wave timing nondestructive evaluation tools. 14. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Forest Service. |
|
Article
|
N. P. Matheny and J. R. Clark and D. Attewell and K. Hillery and A. W. Graham and G. Posner
|
N. P. Matheny and J. R. Clark and D. Attewell and K. Hillery and A. W. Graham and G. Posner. 1999. Assessment of fracture moment and fracture angle in 25 tree species in the United States using the Fractometer. Journal of Arboriculture 25: 18-23. |
|
Book
|
E. M. Sharon
|
E. M. Sharon. 1985. Assessment of hazard trees within developed campgrounds in the Rocky Mountain region. Timber, Forest Pest, and Cooperative Forestry Management, Rocky Mountain Region, USDA Forest Service. |
|
Article
|
D. K. Struve and B. C. Moser
|
D. K. Struve and B. C. Moser. 1984. Auxin effects on root regeneration of scarlet oak seedlings. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 109: 91-95. |
|
Article
|
G. C. Percival and S. Barnes
|
G. C. Percival and S. Barnes. 2004. Auxins and water-retaining polymer root dips affect survival and growth of newly transplanted bare-rooted European beech and silver birch. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 22: 183-188. |
|
Article
|
A. Hewitt and G. Watson
|
A. Hewitt and G. Watson. 2009. Bare root liner production can alter tree root architecture. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 27: 99-104. |
|
Article
|
C. Starbuck and D. K. Struve and H. Mathers
|
C. Starbuck and D. K. Struve and H. Mathers. 2005. Bareroot and balled-and-burlapped red oak and green ash can be summer transplanted using the Missouri gravel bed system. HortTechnology 15: 122-127. |
|
Article
|
J. T. Tippett and A. L. Shigo
|
J. T. Tippett and A. L. Shigo. 1980. Barrier zone anatomy in red pine roots invaded by Heterobasidion annosum. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 10: 224-232. |
|
Article
|
Joanna T. Tippett and a. L. Shigo
|
Joanna T. Tippett and a. L. Shigo. 1981. Barriers to decay in conifer roots. Forest Pathology 11: 51-59. |
|
Article
|
J. T. Tippett and A. L. Shigo
|
J. T. Tippett and A. L. Shigo. 1981. Barriers to decay in conifer roots. European Journal of Forest Pathology 11: 51-59. |
|
Article
|
H. C. Spatz and F. Bruechert
|
H. C. Spatz and F. Bruechert. 2000. Basic biomechanics of self-supporting plants: wind loads and gravitational loads on a Norway spruce tree. Forest Ecology and Management 135: 33-44. |
|
Article
|
A. Wohlers and T. Kowol and D. Dujesiefken
|
A. Wohlers and T. Kowol and D. Dujesiefken. 2001. Baumkontrolle nach Baumarten differenziert - typische Schadsymptome und Auffälligkeiten bei Ahorn, Pappel und Robinie. Jahrbuch der Baumpflege (Yearbook of tree care) 145-163. |
|
Article
|
S. Reichwein
|
S. Reichwein. 2002. Baumwurzeln unter Verkehrsflachen. Untersuchungen zu Schaden an Verkehrsflachen und Ansatze zur Schadensbehebung un Schadensvermeidung. Schriftenreihe des fachbereichs landschaftsarchitektur und umweltentwicklung Institut fur Grunplanung und Gartenarchitektur. |
|
Article
|
I. C. Meier and C. Leuschner
|
I. C. Meier and C. Leuschner. 2008. Belowground drought response of European beech: fine root biomass and carbon partitioning in 14 mature stands across a precipitation gradient. Global Change Biology 14: 2081-2095. |
|
Report
|
E. T. Smiley and S. J. Lilly and P. Kelsey
|
E. T. Smiley and S. J. Lilly and P. Kelsey. 2007. Best Management Practices: Tree and Shrub Fertilization. 34. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois. |
|
Report
|
J. S. Beatty
|
J. S. Beatty. 1982. Biological evaluation of hazard trees and dwarf mistletoe in six summer home areas, Payson Ranger District, Tonto National Forest, Arizona. 37. |
|
Book Section
|
Claus Matteck
|
Claus Matteck. 1995. Biomechanical optimum in woody stems.. Plant Stems: Physiology and Functional Morphology. ed. ed. B. L. Gartner, Academic Press. |
|
Article
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge. 2000. Biomechanical study on the interactions of roots with gas and water pipelines for the evaluation of tree sites. Arboricultural Journal 23: 343-377. |
|
Article
|
Ulrich Müller and Wolfgang Gindl and George Jeronimidis
|
Ulrich Müller and Wolfgang Gindl and George Jeronimidis. 2006. Biomechanics of a branch-stem junction in softwood. Trees - Structure and Function 20: 643-648. |
|
Article
|
Bruno Clair and Meriem Fournier and Marie Francoise Prevost and Jacques Beauchene and Sandrine Bardet
|
Bruno Clair and Meriem Fournier and Marie Francoise Prevost and Jacques Beauchene and Sandrine Bardet. 2003. Biomechanics of buttressed trees: bending strains and stresses. American J. Botany 90: 1349-1356. |
|
Conference
|
M. Fournier-Djimbi and B. Chanson
|
M. Fournier-Djimbi and B. Chanson. 1999. Biomechanics of trees and wood for hazardous tree assessment. 496: 197-206. Acta Hort (ISHS). |
|
Article
|
M. Kelting and J. R. Harris and J. Fanelli and B. Appleton
|
M. Kelting and J. R. Harris and J. Fanelli and B. Appleton. 1998. Biostimulants and soil amendments affect two-year posttransplant growth of red maple and Washington hawthorn. HortScience 33: 819-822. |
|
Article
|
R. R. Tripepi and M. W. George and R. K. Dumroese and D. L. Wenny
|
R. R. Tripepi and M. W. George and R. K. Dumroese and D. L. Wenny. 1991. Birch seedling response to irrigation frequency and a hydrophilic polymer amendment in a container medium. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 9: 119-123. |
|
Article
|
S. Vogel
|
S. Vogel. 1996. Blowing in the wind: storm-resisting features of the design of trees. Journal of Arboriculture 22: 92-98. |
|
Article
|
D. Chinnow
|
D. Chinnow. 1975. Bodenveranderungen durch Carbonate und Streusalze im Westberliner Stadtgebiet. Mitt. Dtsch. Bodenkundl. Ges. 22: 355-358. |
|
Article
|
A. A. Korotaev
|
A. A. Korotaev. 1992. Bodenverdichtung und wurzelwachstum der baume. Forstarchiv 63: 116-119. |
|
Article
|
F. Rinn
|
F. Rinn. 1994. Bohrwiderstandsmessungen mit Resistograph-Mikrobohrungen (Drilling resistance tests with Resistograph Mikrobohrungen). Allgemeine-Forstzeitschrift 49: 652-654. |
|
Article
|
Y. Vuolkila
|
Y. Vuolkila. 1976. Boring of standing trees as a source of defects. Folia Forestalia, Institutum Forestale Fenniae 282: 11. |
|
Conference
|
A. N. Burdett
|
A. N. Burdett. 1981. Box-pruning the roots of container grown tree seedlings. Proceedings of the Canadian containerized tree seedling symposium 203-206. ed. J. B. Scarratt and C. Glerum and C. A. Plexman, Canadian Forestry Service, Great Lakes Forest Research Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. |
|
Article
|
E. T. Smiley and C. M. Greco and J. G. Williams
|
E. T. Smiley and C. M. Greco and J. G. Williams. 2000. Brace rods for codominant stems: installation location and breaking strength.. Journal of Arboriculture 26: 170-176. |
|
Article
|
M. G. R. Cannell and J. Morgan
|
M. G. R. Cannell and J. Morgan. 1989. Branch breakage under snow and ice loads. Tree Physiology 5: 307-317. |
|
Article
|
A. L. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo. 1989. Branch failures: a closer look at crack drying. Journal of Arboriculture 15: 11-12. |
|
Article
|
Brian Kane
|
Brian Kane. 2007. Branch strength of Bradford pear ( Pyrus calleryana var. ‘Bradford’). Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33: 283-291. |
|
Article
|
E. Disanto
|
E. Disanto. 1982. Branches of the law: trees and litigation. Journal of Arboriculture 8: 7-12. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman
|
E. F. Gilman. 2003. Branch-to-stem diameter ratio affects strength of attachment.. Journal of Arboriculture 29: 291-294. |
|
Article
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge and P. W. West
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge and P. W. West. 1994. Breakage of hollow tree stems. Trees - Structure and Function 9: 47-50. |
|
Article
|
J. Urban
|
J. Urban. 1992. Bringing order to the technical dysfunction within the urban forest. Journal of Arboriculture 18: 85-90. |
|
Article
|
Todd Manning and Peter Bradford and Cary White and David Rowe and Nancy Densmore and Stewart Guy
|
Todd Manning and Peter Bradford and Cary White and David Rowe and Nancy Densmore and Stewart Guy. 2002. British Columbia's dangerous tree assessment process. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. |
|
Article
|
Lothar Wessolly
|
Lothar Wessolly. 1995. Bruchdiagnose von Bäumen, Teil 1 : Statisch integrierte Verfahren - Messung mittels Zugversuch (Fracture diagnosis of trees Part 1: Statics-integrated methods - measurement with tension test, the expert's method. Stadt und Grün 6: 416-422. |
|
Article
|
Lothar Wessolly
|
Lothar Wessolly. 1995. Bruchdiagnose von Bäumen, Teil 2 : Statisch integrierte Verfahren - Die statisch integrierte Abschätuzung (SIA) [Fracture diagnosis of trees Part 2: Statically-Integrated Assessment (SIA) - The practitioner's method of diagnosis]. Stadt und Grün 8: 570-573. |
|
Article
|
Lothar Wessolly
|
Lothar Wessolly. 1995. Bruchdiagnose von Bäumen, Teil 3: Das Bohren ist kein Weg für die sichere Bruchdiagnose (Fracture diagnosis of trees Part 3: Boring is no way for reliable fracture diagnosis). Stadt und Grün 9: 635-640. |
|
Book Section
|
R. B. Grossman and T. G. Reinsch
|
R. B. Grossman and T. G. Reinsch. 2002. Bulk Density and Linear Extensibility. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4. Physical methods 201-228. ed. J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. |
|
Conference
|
S. D. Day and J. R. Harris and R. J. Stipes
|
S. D. Day and J. R. Harris and R. J. Stipes. 2006. Buried trunks: How deep planting affects trunk tissue, adventitious rooting, and tree growth. Proceedings of Trees and Planting: Getting the Roots Right 45-48. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL. |
|
Article
|
S. Tian and W. D. Ostrofsky
|
S. Tian and W. D. Ostrofsky. 2007. Butt and root decay in precommercially thinned spruce-fir stands. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24: 129-133. |
|
Article
|
J. Liang and J. Zhang and G. Y. S. Chan and M. H. Wong
|
J. Liang and J. Zhang and G. Y. S. Chan and M. H. Wong. 1999. Can differences in root responses to soil drying and compaction explain differences in performance of trees growing on landfill sites? . Tree Physiology 19: 619-624. |
|
Article
|
P. E. Gasson and D. F. Cutler
|
P. E. Gasson and D. F. Cutler. 1998. Can we live with trees in our towns and cities?. Arboricultural Journal 22: 1-9. |
|
Article
|
Chris J. Peterson
|
Chris J. Peterson. 2000. Catastrophic wind damage to North American forests and the potential impact of climate change. The Science of The Total Environment 262: 287-311. |
|
Article
|
L. V. Kochian
|
L. V. Kochian. 1995. Cellular mechanisms of aluminum toxicity and resistance in plants. Annual Review in Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 46: 237-260. |
|
Conference
|
V. Lidstrom
|
V. Lidstrom. 1994. Change in structural condition in sewer pipes. Proceedings NODIG 94 Copenhagen |
|
Article
|
D. D. Silva and M. E. Kane and R. C. J. Beeson
|
D. D. Silva and M. E. Kane and R. C. J. Beeson. 2012. Changes in root and shoot growth and biomass partition resulting from different irrigation intervals for Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.. Hortscience 47: 1634-1640. |
|
Article
|
Karl J. Niklas
|
Karl J. Niklas. 1999. Changes in the factor of safety within the superstructure of a dicot tree. American Journal of Botany 86: 688-696. |
|
Article
|
Karen K. Christensen-Dalsgaard and Meriem Fournier and Anthony R. Ennos and Anders S. Barfod
|
Karen K. Christensen-Dalsgaard and Meriem Fournier and Anthony R. Ennos and Anders S. Barfod. 2007. Changes in vessel anatomy in response to mechanical loading in six species of tropical trees. New Phytologist 176: 610-622. |
|
Article
|
R. L. Tate
|
R. L. Tate. 1981. Characteristics of girdling roots on urban Norway maples. Journal of Arboriculture 7: 268-270. |
|
Report
|
H.-P. Blume
|
H.-P. Blume. 1989. Characteristics of urban soils. UNESCO programme: Man and the Biosphere. International Scientific Workshop on Soils and Soil Zoology in urban Ecosystems as a Basis for Management and Use of Green/Open Spaces. 23-46. ed. G. Weigmann, |
|
Article
|
C. A. Alberty and H. M. Pellett and D. H. Taylor
|
C. A. Alberty and H. M. Pellett and D. H. Taylor. 1984. Characterization of soil compaction at construction sites and woody plant response. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 2: 48-53. |
|
Conference
|
P. J. Craul and C. F. Klein
|
P. J. Craul and C. F. Klein. 1980. Characterization of streetside soils in Syracuse, New York. Proceedings of the Third Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance 3: 88-101. ed. D. F. Karnosky, |
|
Article
|
D. L. Osmond and D. H. Hardy
|
D. L. Osmond and D. H. Hardy. 2004. Characterization of turf practices in five North Carolina communities. Journal of Environmental Quality 33: 565-575. |
|
Article
|
J. F. Ahrens and O. A. Leonard and N. R. Townley
|
J. F. Ahrens and O. A. Leonard and N. R. Townley. 1970. Chemical control of tree roots in sewer lines . Water Pollution Control Federation 42: 1643-1655. |
|
Article
|
J. E. Barajas-Rodriguez and A. Aldrete and J. J. Vargas-Hernandez and J. Lopez-Upton
|
J. E. Barajas-Rodriguez and A. Aldrete and J. J. Vargas-Hernandez and J. Lopez-Upton. 2004. Chemical pruning in the nursery increases root density in young trees of Pinus greggii. Agrociencia 38: 545-553. |
|
Article
|
V. M. LeMay and D. E. Tait and B. J. van der Kamp
|
V. M. LeMay and D. E. Tait and B. J. van der Kamp. 1994. Classification of cedar, aspen, and true fir trees as decayed versus sound. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24: 2068-2077. |
|
Book
|
L. A. Paine
|
L. A. Paine. 1978. Coding hazardous tree failures for a data management system.. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. |
|
Article
|
M. J. Drilias and J. E. Kuntz and G. L. Worf
|
M. J. Drilias and J. E. Kuntz and G. L. Worf. 1982. Collar rot and basal canker of sugar maple. Journal of Arboriculture 8: 29-33. |
|
Article
|
G. Meskimen
|
G. Meskimen. 1970. Combating grass competition for eucalypts planted in turf. Tree Planters' Notes 21: 3-5. |
|
Article
|
R. M. Hopkins and W. H. J. Patrick
|
R. M. Hopkins and W. H. J. Patrick. 1969. Combined effect of oxygen content and soil compaction on root penetration. Soil Science 108: 408-413. |
|
Book
|
D. A. Burdekin
|
D. A. Burdekin. 1979. Common decay fungi in broadleaved trees. 41. Forestry Commission. |
|
Article
|
K. P. Panayiotopoulos and C. P. Papadopoulou and A. Hatjiioannidou
|
K. P. Panayiotopoulos and C. P. Papadopoulou and A. Hatjiioannidou. 1994. Compaction and penetration resistance of an Alfisol and Entisol and their influence on root growth of maize seedlings. Soil & Tillage Research 31: 323-337. |
|
Article
|
E. L. Greacen and R. Sands
|
E. L. Greacen and R. Sands. 1980. Compaction of forest soils. A review. Australian Journal of Soil Research 18: 163-189. |
|
Article
|
R. Sands and E. L. Greacen and C. J. Gerard
|
R. Sands and E. L. Greacen and C. J. Gerard. 1979. Compaction of sandy soils in radiata pine forests. I A penetrometer study. Australian Journal of Soil Research 17: 101-113. |
|
Article
|
S. Meunier and J.-C. Ruel and G. Laflamme and A. Achim
|
S. Meunier and J.-C. Ruel and G. Laflamme and A. Achim. 2002. Comparative resistance of white spruce and balsam fir to overturning. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 642-652. |
|
Book
|
Lorraine J. Markwardt
|
Lorraine J. Markwardt. 1930. Comparative strength properties of woods grown in the United States. . 39. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. |
|
Article
|
R. D. Whitney
|
R. D. Whitney. 1967. Comparative susceptibility of large and small spruce roots to Polyporous tomentosus. Canadian Journal of Botany 45: 2227-2229. |
|
Article
|
M. Stewart and R. Sands
|
M. Stewart and R. Sands. 1996. Comparative water relations of trees in clay soils and the potential for building damage. Arboricultural Journal 20: 313-328. |
|
Article
|
B. Kane and D. Ryan and D. V. Bloniarz
|
B. Kane and D. Ryan and D. V. Bloniarz. 2001. Comparing formulae that assess strength loss due to decay in trees. Journal of Arboriculture 27: 78-87. |
|
Article
|
S. Lilly and T. D. Sydnor
|
S. Lilly and T. D. Sydnor. 1995. Comparison of branch failure during static loading of silver and norway maples. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 302-305. |
|
Article
|
John K. Francis
|
John K. Francis. 2000. Comparison of hurricane damage to several species of urban trees in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Journal of Arboriculture 26: 189-196. |
|
Article
|
E. T. Smiley
|
E. T. Smiley. 2008. Comparison of methods to reduce sidewalk damage from tree roots. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34: 179-183. |
|
Conference
|
P. J. Peper
|
P. J. Peper. 1998. Comparison of root barriers installed at two depths for reduction of white mulberry roots in the soil surface. The Landscape Below Ground II: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils 82-93. ed. G. W. Watson and D. Neely, International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. |
|
Article
|
E. T. Smiley and L. Calfee and B. R. Fraedrich and E. J. Smiley
|
E. T. Smiley and L. Calfee and B. R. Fraedrich and E. J. Smiley. 2006. Comparison of structural and noncompacted soils for trees surrounded by pavement. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32: 164-169. |
|
Article
|
D. J. Cown
|
D. J. Cown. 1978. Comparison of the pilodyn and torsiometer methods for the rapid assessment of wood density in living trees. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 8: 384-391. |
|
Article
|
Barry Gardiner and Heli Peltola and Seppo Kellomäki
|
Barry Gardiner and Heli Peltola and Seppo Kellomäki. 2000. Comparison of two models for predicting the critical wind speeds required to damage coniferous trees. Ecological Modelling 129: 1-23. |
|
Article
|
A. L. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo. 1979. Compartmentalization of decay associated with Heterobasidion annosum in roots of Pinus resinosa. Forest Pathology 9: 341-347. |
|
Article
|
A. L. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo. 1979. Compartmentalization of decay associated with Heterobasidion annosum in roots of Pinus resinosa. European journal of Forest Pathology 9: 341-347. |
|
Report
|
A. L. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo. 1977. Compartmentalization of decay in trees. USDA Forest Service Agriculture Information Bulletin 405: 70. |
|
Report
|
A. L. Shigo and H. G. Marx
|
A. L. Shigo and H. G. Marx. 1977. Compartmentalization of decay in trees.. 73. |
|
Report
|
A. L. Shigo and Joanna T. Tippett
|
A. L. Shigo and Joanna T. Tippett. 1981. Compartmentalization of decayed wood associated with Armillaria mellea in several tree species. 20. |
|
Report
|
A. L. Shigo and W. C. Shortle
|
A. L. Shigo and W. C. Shortle. 1979. Compartmentalization of discolored wood in heartwood of red oak. Phytopathology 69: 710-711. |
|
Article
|
Kevin T. Smith
|
Kevin T. Smith. 2006. Compartmentalization today. Arboricultural Journal 29: 173-184. |
|
Article
|
A. L. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo. 1984. Compartmentalization: a conceptual framework for understanding how trees grow and defend themselves.. Annual Review Phytopathology 22: 189-214. |
|
Article
|
M. P. Coutts
|
M. P. Coutts. 1986. Components of tree stability in Sitka spruce on peaty gley soil. Forestry 59: 173-197. |
|
Article
|
B. R. Roberts
|
B. R. Roberts. 2006. Compost-containing substrates and their effect on posttransplant growth of containerized tree seedlings. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32: 289-296. |
|
Article
|
A. Habermehl and H.-W. Ridder
|
A. Habermehl and H.-W. Ridder. 1995. Computerized tomographic investigations of street and park trees. Arboricultural Journal 19: 419-437. |
|
Conference
|
A. Habermehl and H. W. Ridder and P. Seidl
|
A. Habermehl and H. W. Ridder and P. Seidl. 1997. Computerized tomographic systems as tools for diagnosing urban tree health. International Symposium on Urban Tree Health 496. 261-268. |
|
Article
|
A. Habermehl and H. W. Ridder and P. Seidl
|
A. Habermehl and H. W. Ridder and P. Seidl. 1999. Computerized tomographic systems as tools for diagnosing urban tree health. Acta Horticulturae 496: 261-268. |
|
Article
|
A. Habermehl and H.-W. Ridder
|
A. Habermehl and H.-W. Ridder. 1992. Computerized tomography applied to studies on wood of living trees. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 50: 465-474. |
|
Article
|
Karl J. Niklas
|
Karl J. Niklas. 2000. Computing factors of safety against wind-induced tree stem damage. Journal of Experimental Botany 51: 797-806. |
|
Article
|
M. Linde and H. Bengtsson and I. Oborn
|
M. Linde and H. Bengtsson and I. Oborn. 2001. Concentrations and pools of heavy metals in urban soils in Stockholm, Sweden. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus 1: 83-101. |
|
Conference
|
W. R. Graves
|
W. R. Graves. 1998. Consequences of high soil temperatures. The Landscape Below Ground II: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils 27-35. ed. G. W. Watson and D. Neely, International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. |
|
Article
|
Mateusz Pluciński and Szymon Pluciński and Ignacio RodrÃguez-Iturbe
|
Mateusz Pluciński and Szymon Pluciński and Ignacio RodrÃguez-Iturbe. 2008. Consequences of the fractal architecture of trees on their structural measures. Journal of Theoretical Biology 251: 82-92. |
|
Article
|
Chris J. Peterson
|
Chris J. Peterson. 2007. Consistent influence of tree diameter and species on damage in nine eastern North America tornado blowdowns. Forest Ecology and Management 250: 96-108. |
|
Article
|
G. Ware
|
G. Ware. 1990. Constraints to tree growth imposed by urban soil alkalinity . Journal of Arboriculture 16: 35-38. |
|
Article
|
J. V. Lagerwerf and A. W. Specht
|
J. V. Lagerwerf and A. W. Specht. 1970. Contamination of roadside soil and vegetation with cadmium, nickel, lead, and zinc. Environmental Science and Technology 4: 583-586. |
|
Article
|
S. D. Day and P. E. Wiseman and S. B. Dickinson and J. R. Harris
|
S. D. Day and P. E. Wiseman and S. B. Dickinson and J. R. Harris. 2010. Contemporary concepts of root system architecture of urban trees. Arboriculture & Urban forestry 36: 149-159. |
|
Article
|
J. J. Guillaumin and C. Bernard and C. Delatour and M. Belgrand
|
J. J. Guillaumin and C. Bernard and C. Delatour and M. Belgrand. 1985. Contribution a l'etude du deperissement du chene : pathologie racinaire en foret de Troncais. Annales de Recherches Forestiere 42: 1-22. |
|
Article
|
A. N. Burdett
|
A. N. Burdett. 1978. Control of root morphogenesis for improving mechanical stability in container-grown lodgepole pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 8: 483-486. |
|
Article
|
O. A. Leonard and D. E. Bayer and R. K. Glenn
|
O. A. Leonard and D. E. Bayer and R. K. Glenn. 1974. Control of tree roots. Weed Science 22: 516-520. |
|
Article
|
O. A. Leonard and N. R. Townley
|
O. A. Leonard and N. R. Townley. 1971. Control of tree roots in sewers and drains . California Agriculture 25: 13. |
|
Article
|
J. Blake and J. Zaerr and S. Hee
|
J. Blake and J. Zaerr and S. Hee. 1979. Controlled moisture stress to improve cold hardiness and morphology of Douglas-fir seedlings. Forest Science 25: 576-582. |
|
Report
|
N. Hipps
|
N. Hipps. 2004. Controlling water use of trees to alleviate subsidence risk. Horticulture LINK Project 212, Final Report Executive Summary 114. East Malling Research and University of Cambridge, UK. |
|
Article
|
G. H. Ware
|
G. H. Ware. 1984. Coping with clay: trees to suit sites, sites to suit trees. Journal of Arboriculture 10: 108-112. |
|
Report
|
J. P. Barnett and J. M. McGilvray
|
J. P. Barnett and J. M. McGilvray. 2002. Copper-treated containers influence root development of longleaf pine seedlings . USDA Forest Service General Technical Report 24-26. |
|
Article
|
Gregory P. Asner and Guillermo Goldstein
|
Gregory P. Asner and Guillermo Goldstein. 1997. Correlating stem biomechanical properties of Hawaiian canopy tees with hurricane wind damage. Biotropica 29: 145-150. |
|
Article
|
J. Wilkes and W. A. Heather
|
J. Wilkes and W. A. Heather. Correlation of resistance to a pulsed current with several wood properties in living eucalypts. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 13: 139-145. |
|
Article
|
E. G. McPherson and P. P. Peper
|
E. G. McPherson and P. P. Peper. 1996. Costs of street tree damage to infrastructure. Arboricultural Journal 20: 143-160. |
|
Article
|
M. Peters and Paul Ossenbruggen and A. L. Shigo
|
M. Peters and Paul Ossenbruggen and A. L. Shigo. 1985. Cracking and failure behavior models of defective balsam fir trees. Holzforschung 39: 125-135. |
|
Article
|
F. Dietrich and C. Mattheck
|
F. Dietrich and C. Mattheck. 1995. Cracks in saber-shaped trees and branches. Journal of Theoretical Biology 173: 321-327. |
|
Article
|
Douglas D. Piirto and Wayne W. Wilcox
|
Douglas D. Piirto and Wayne W. Wilcox. 1978. Critical evaluation of the pulsed-current resistance meter for detection of decay in wood. Forest Products Journal 28: 52-57. |
|
Report
|
Kim D. Coder
|
Kim D. Coder. 2000. Critical force for buckling tree stems. 5. |
|
Conference
|
V. J. Miller
|
V. J. Miller. 1959. Crotch influence on strength and breaking point of apple tree branches.. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 73: 23-32. |
|
Article
|
Brian Kane and M. Pavlis and J. R. Seiler and J. R. Harris
|
Brian Kane and M. Pavlis and J. R. Seiler and J. R. Harris. 2008. Crown configuration and trunk stress in deciduous trees (in press). Canadian Journal of Forest Research |
|
Article
|
R. P. d'Ambrosio
|
R. P. d'Ambrosio. 1990. Crown density and its correlation to girdling root syndrome. Journal of Arboriculture 16: 153-157. |
|
Article
|
P. Davies-Colley and J. Turner
|
P. Davies-Colley and J. Turner. 1999. Crown lightening young radiata pine to reduce the risk of topple. New Zealand Tree Grower 20: 34-35. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson
|
G. W. Watson. 1986. Cultural practices can influence root development for better transplanting success. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 4: 32-34. |
|
Report
|
David Lonsdale
|
David Lonsdale. 2007. Current issues in arboricultural risk assessment and management. Arboricultural Journal 30: 163-174. |
|
Article
|
R. W. Day
|
R. W. Day. 1991. Damage of structures due to tree roots. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 5: 200-207. |
|
Article
|
D. Dujesiefken
|
D. Dujesiefken. 1993. Damage to trees as a result of deep workings - protection of street trees near building plots. Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes 45: 222-227. |
|
Article
|
A. Krapfenbauer and G. Glatzel and Z. H. Wu
|
A. Krapfenbauer and G. Glatzel and Z. H. Wu. 1974. Damage to trees by deicing salts. Can scientific research help to save the trees in our cities? (Die Schadigung von Baumen durch Auftausalze). Die Bodenkultur 25: 54-62. |
|
Report
|
Todd Manning
|
Todd Manning. 2001. Dangerous tree report: British Columbia's dangerous tree assessment process; implications for worker safety . 8. |
|
Article
|
John Adams
|
John Adams. 2007. Dangerous trees?. Arboricultural Journal 30: 95-103. |
|
Conference
|
I. Tesari and Claus Matteck
|
I. Tesari and Claus Matteck. 2003. Das Schubspannungsmaximum am Stammfuss und der Einfluss von Wurzelarchitektur und Bodeneigenschaften (The maximum sheer stress at the buttress and the influence of root architecture and soil characteristics). Proceedings of the 9th VTA-Spezialseminar “Messen und Beurteilen am Baum”. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH. |
|
Report
|
J. N. Gibbs and D. Patch
|
J. N. Gibbs and D. Patch. 1982. Decay and disintegration of dead elms. |
|
Article
|
M. Terho and A-M. Hallaksela
|
M. Terho and A-M. Hallaksela. 2008. Decay characteristics of hazardous Tilia, Betula, and Acer trees felled by municipal urban tree managers in the Helsinki city area. Forestry cpn002. |
|
Article
|
L. R. Costello and J. D. Peterson
|
L. R. Costello and J. D. Peterson. 1989. Decay detection in eucalyptus: an evaluation of two methods . Journal of Arboriculture 15: 185-188. |
|
Article
|
Xiping Wang and R. Bruce Allison
|
Xiping Wang and R. Bruce Allison. 2008. Decay detection in red oak trees using a combination of visual inspection, acoustic testing, and resistance microdrilling . Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 31: 1-4. |
|
Article
|
R. B. Pearce
|
R. B. Pearce. 2000. Decay development and its restriction in trees. Journal of Arboriculture 26: 1-11. |
|
Article
|
Giuliana Deflorio and Craig Johnson and Siegfried Fink and Francis Willis Mathew Robert Schwarze
|
Giuliana Deflorio and Craig Johnson and Siegfried Fink and Francis Willis Mathew Robert Schwarze. 2008. Decay development in living sapwood of coniferous and deciduous trees inoculated with six wood decay fungi. Forest Ecology and Management 255: 2373-2383. |
|
Article
|
Gregory A. Dahle and Harvey H. Holt and William R. Chaney and Timothy M. Whalen and Jason Grabosky and Daniel L. Cassens and Rado Gazo and Rita L McKenzie and Judith Santini
|
Gregory A. Dahle and Harvey H. Holt and William R. Chaney and Timothy M. Whalen and Jason Grabosky and Daniel L. Cassens and Rado Gazo and Rita L McKenzie and Judith Santini. 2006. Decay patterns in silver maple ( Acer saccharinum) trees converted from round-overs to V-trims.. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32: 260-264. |
|
Article
|
W. C. Shortle and a. Ostropsky
|
W. C. Shortle and a. Ostropsky. 1983. Decay susceptibility of wood in defoliated fir trees related to changing physical, chemical, and biological properties. Forest Pathology 13: 1-11. |
|
Article
|
S. Rich and G. S. Walton
|
S. Rich and G. S. Walton. 1979. Decline of curbside sugar maples in Connecticut. Journal of Arboriculture 5: 265-268. |
|
Article
|
D. W. Burger and T. E. Prager
|
D. W. Burger and T. E. Prager. 2008. Deep-rooted trees for urban environments: Selection and propagation. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34: 184-190. |
|
Book
|
|
1992. Defense mechanisms of woody plants against fungi. 458. ed. ed. Robert A. Blanchette and A. R. Biggs, Springer. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman
|
E. F. Gilman. 2006. Deflecting roots near sidewalks. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32: 18-23. |
|
Report
|
B. C. Nicoll and M. P. Coutts
|
B. C. Nicoll and M. P. Coutts. 1998. Deflection of Tree Roots by Rigid Barriers. Arboriculture Research and Information Note 5. |
|
Report
|
M. C. Dobson
|
M. C. Dobson. 1991. De-icing Salt Damage to Trees and Shrubs. Forestry commission bulletin 101. 64. Forestry commission, Farnham, Surrey, England.. |
|
Article
|
F. Schwarze and C. Mattheck and H. Breloer
|
F. Schwarze and C. Mattheck and H. Breloer. 1993. Der sprode Baumbruch-verursacht durch Brandkrustenpilz. Neue Landschaft 38: 737-747. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson
|
G. W. Watson. 2009. Desiccation Tolerance of green ash and sugar maple fine roots. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 27: 229-233. |
|
Book
|
C. Mattheck
|
C. Mattheck. 1998. Design in nature: learning from trees. Springer. |
|
Article
|
P. Kristoffersen
|
P. Kristoffersen. 1998. Designing urban pavement sub-bases to support trees. Journal of Arboriculture 24: 121-126. |
|
Article
|
FWMR Schwarze and David Lonsdale and Claus Matteck
|
FWMR Schwarze and David Lonsdale and Claus Matteck. 1995. Detectability of wood decay caused by Ustulina deusta in comparison with other tree-decay fungi. Forest Pathology 25: 327-341. |
|
Article
|
C. A. Clausen
|
C. A. Clausen. 2003. Detecting decay fungi with antibody-based tests and immunoassays. Wood Deterior Preserv 845: 325-336. |
|
Report
|
L. J. Mills and K. Russell
|
L. J. Mills and K. Russell. 1981. Detection and correction of hazard trees in Washington's recreation areas. 37. |
|
Article
|
S. K. Oh and D. P. Kamdem and D. E. Keathley and K. H. Han
|
S. K. Oh and D. P. Kamdem and D. E. Keathley and K. H. Han. 2003. Detection and species identification of wood-decaying fungi by hybridization of immobilized aequence-apecific oligonucleotide probes with PCR-amplified fungal ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers. Holzforschung 57: 346-352. |
|
Article
|
Norimichi Nagaishi and Masanori Kaniwa and Shigehisa Kasamatsu and Naoaki Watanabe
|
Norimichi Nagaishi and Masanori Kaniwa and Shigehisa Kasamatsu and Naoaki Watanabe. 1997. Detection of decay and cavity in standing trees by stress wave velocity measurement. Journal of Tree Health 1: 35-42. |
|
Article
|
J. A. Dolwin and D. Lonsdale and J. Barnett
|
J. A. Dolwin and D. Lonsdale and J. Barnett. 1999. Detection of decay in trees. Arboricultural Journal 23: 139-149. |
|
Article
|
W. C. Shortle
|
W. C. Shortle. 1979. Detection of decay in trees. Journal of Arboriculture 5: 226-232. |
|
Article
|
C. Rabe and D. Ferner and S. Fink and Francis W. M. R. Schwarze
|
C. Rabe and D. Ferner and S. Fink and Francis W. M. R. Schwarze. 2004. Detection of decay in trees with stress waves and interpretation of acoustic tomograms. Arboricultural Journal 28: 3-19. |
|
Article
|
C. G. Mattheck and K. A. Bethge
|
C. G. Mattheck and K. A. Bethge. 1993. Detection of decay in trees with the Metriguard stress wave timer. Journal of Arboriculture 19: 374-378. |
|
Article
|
J. Wilkes and W. A. Heather
|
J. Wilkes and W. A. Heather. 1982. Detection of decay using a pulsed-current resistance meter, and radial variation of some wood properties in tallowwood. Australian Forest Research 12: 63-70. |
|
Article
|
A. Bemmann and L.. Klinger
|
A. Bemmann and L.. Klinger. 1993. Detection of decay within living trees. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 51: 291-293. |
|
Report
|
A. L. Shigo and A. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo and A. Shigo. 1974. Detection of discoloration and decay in living trees and utility poles. 11. |
|
Article
|
H. Richard Skutt and A. L. Shigo and Ronald A. Lessard
|
H. Richard Skutt and A. L. Shigo and Ronald A. Lessard. 1972. Detection of discolored and decayed wood in living trees using a pulsed electric current. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 2: 54-56. |
|
Article
|
J. Raczkowski and K. Lutomski and W. Moliński and R. Woś
|
J. Raczkowski and K. Lutomski and W. Moliński and R. Woś. 1999. Detection of early stages of wood decay by acoustic emission technique. Wood Science and Technology 33: 353-358. |
|
Article
|
Wayne W. Wilcox
|
Wayne W. Wilcox. 1988. Detection of early stages of wood decay with ultrasonic pulse velocity. Forest Products Journal 38: 68-73. |
|
Article
|
U. Müller and R. Bammer and E. Halmschlager and R. Stollberger and R. Wimmer
|
U. Müller and R. Bammer and E. Halmschlager and R. Stollberger and R. Wimmer. 2001. Detection of fungal wood decay using magnetic resonance imaging. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 59: 190-194. |
|
Report
|
Engineering Data Management, Inc.
|
Engineering Data Management, Inc.. 1989. Detection of heart rot voids in trees using stress wave analysis. |
|
Article
|
L. D. Hall and Rahanayagam Vasanthan and W. A. Stewart and P. R. Steiner and S. Chow
|
L. D. Hall and Rahanayagam Vasanthan and W. A. Stewart and P. R. Steiner and S. Chow. 1986. Detection of hidden morphology of wood by magnetic resonance imaging. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16: 684-687. |
|
Article
|
Giuliana Deflorio and Siegfried Fink and Francis W. M. R. Schwarze
|
Giuliana Deflorio and Siegfried Fink and Francis W. M. R. Schwarze. 2008. Detection of incipient decay in tree stems with sonic tomography after wounding and fungal inoculation. Wood Science and Technology 42: 117-132. |
|
Article
|
D. Lachance
|
D. Lachance. 1977. Detection of stem rot by radiography in white spruce. Phytoprotection 58: 2-3. |
|
Article
|
C. V. M. Barton and K. D. Montagu
|
C. V. M. Barton and K. D. Montagu. 2004. Detection of tree roots and determination of root diameters by ground penetrating radar under optimal conditions. Tree Physiology 24: 1323-1331. |
|
Article
|
L. R. Costello and S. L. Quarles
|
L. R. Costello and S. L. Quarles. 1999. Detection of wood decay in blue gum and elm: an evaluation of the Resistograph® and the portable drill. Journal of Arboriculture 25: 311-317. |
|
Conference
|
R. L. Tate
|
R. L. Tate. 1980. Detection, description and treatment of girdling roots on urban Norway maple trees. Proceedings of the Third Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance 3: 83-87. ed. D. F. Karnosky, |
|
Article
|
E. T. Smiley and Bruce Fraedrich
|
E. T. Smiley and Bruce Fraedrich. 1992. Determining strength loss from decay. Journal of Arboriculture 18: 201-204. |
|
Conference
|
K. C. Steiner
|
K. C. Steiner. 1980. Developing tree varieties for urban soil stresses. Proceedings of the Third Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance 3: 57-69. ed. D. F. Karnosky, |
|
Article
|
F. W. M. R Schwarze
|
F. W. M. R Schwarze. 2001. Development and prognosis of decay in the sapwood of living trees.. Arboricultural Journal 25: 321-337. |
|
Article
|
Philippe Ancelin and Benoit Courbaud and Thierry Fourcaud
|
Philippe Ancelin and Benoit Courbaud and Thierry Fourcaud. 2004. Development of an individual tree-based mechanical model to predict wind damage within forest stands. Forest Ecology and Management 203: 101-121. |
|
Article
|
W. Kersten and F. Schwarze
|
W. Kersten and F. Schwarze. 2004. Development of decay in the sapwood of trees wounded by the use of decay detecting devices.. Arboricultural Journal 28: 165-181. |
|
Article
|
B. C. Nicoll and A. A. Armstrong
|
B. C. Nicoll and A. A. Armstrong. 1998. Development of Prunus root systems in a city street: Pavement damage and root architecture. Arboricultural Journal 22: 259-270. |
|
Article
|
S. J. Hodge and R. Boswell and K. Knott
|
S. J. Hodge and R. Boswell and K. Knott. 1993. Development of the steel rod technique for the assessment of aeration in urban soils. Journal of Arboriculture 19: 281-288. |
|
Article
|
M G Cannell and J Morgan and M B Murray
|
M G Cannell and J Morgan and M B Murray. 1988. Diameters and dry weights of tree shoots: effects of Young's modulus, taper, deflection and angle. Tree Physiology 4: 219-31. |
|
Article
|
F. Schwarze and S. Fink
|
F. Schwarze and S. Fink. 1994. Die Ermittlung der Holzzersetzungsmuster am lebenden Baum. Neue Landschaft 182-193. |
|
Book Section
|
D. Dujesiefken and A. Wohlers and T. Kowoh
|
D. Dujesiefken and A. Wohlers and T. Kowoh. 1999. Die Hamburger Baumkontrolle - der Lietfaden für eine fachgerechte Baumkontrolle. Jahrbuch der Baumpflege (Yearbook of tree care). 124-138. ed. ed. D. Dujesiefken and P. Kockerbeck, Thalacker Medien, Braunschwieg. |
|
Article
|
Franz Gruber
|
Franz Gruber. 2007. Die VTA-0,3-Restwandstarkenregel wissenschaftlich unhaltbar und praktisch unbrauchbar (The VTA-0,3-remaining wall thickness rule scientifically untenable and practically uselessly). Agrar-Und Umweltrecht (Agricultural and Environemental Law) 37: 7-11. |
|
Article
|
Franz Gruber
|
Franz Gruber. 2007. Die wissenschaftlich nicht nachvollziehbare VTRA-h/D=50Grenzkonstante, ein kaum brauchbares, nicht justitiables Verkehrssicherheitskriterium (The scientifically not comprehensible VTRA-h/D=50 threshold, a hardly useful, not justifiable road safety criteri. Agrar-Und Umweltrecht (Agricultural and Environemental Law) 37: 267-272. |
|
Article
|
John R. Moore
|
John R. Moore. 2000. Differences in maximum resistive bending moments of Pinus radiata trees grown on a range of soil types. Forest Ecology and Management 135: 63-71. |
|
Book Section
|
B. C. Nicoll and M. P. Coutts
|
B. C. Nicoll and M. P. Coutts. 1997. Direct damage by urban tree roots: Paving the way for less damaging street trees. Arboricultural Practice Present and Future Research for Amenity Trees No. 6 77-84. ed. J. Claridge, HMSO, England. |
|
Article
|
K. G. von der Heide-Spravka and G. W. Watson
|
K. G. von der Heide-Spravka and G. W. Watson. 1990. Directional variation in growth of trees. Journal of Arboriculture 16: 169-173. |
|
Article
|
B. Kane and H. D. P. Ryan
|
B. Kane and H. D. P. Ryan . 2002. Discoloration and decay associated with hardware installation in trees. Journal of Arboriculture 28: 187-193. |
|
Article
|
G. Watson
|
G. Watson. 2008. Discoloration and decay in severed tree roots. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34: 260-264. |
|
Article
|
K. Suzuki and N. Yoshida and Y. Dozono and H. Hashimoto and T. Kobayashi
|
K. Suzuki and N. Yoshida and Y. Dozono and H. Hashimoto and T. Kobayashi. Discoloration and decay of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica), with special reference to electrical resistance and microflora in living trees. Bull. For. Forest Prod. Res. Inst. 328: 107-117. |
|
Article
|
G. H. Hepting and E. R. Roth and B. Sleeth
|
G. H. Hepting and E. R. Roth and B. Sleeth. 1949. Discolorations and decay from increment borings. Journal of Forest Research 47: 336-370. |
|
Article
|
R. C. Lorenz
|
R. C. Lorenz. 1944. Discolorations and decay resulting from increment borings in hardwoods. Journal of Forestry 42: 37-43. |
|
Article
|
D. A. White and G. A. Kile
|
D. A. White and G. A. Kile. 1993. Discolouration and decay from artificial wounds in 20-year-old Eucalyptus regnans. European Journal of Forest Pathology 23: 431-440. |
|
Article
|
G. Laflamme
|
G. Laflamme. 1979. Discoloured wood of aspen caused by increment boring. Forest Pathology 9: 15-18. |
|
Article
|
E. T. Smiley
|
E. T. Smiley. 2003. Does included bark reduce the strength of codominant stems?. Journal of Arboriculture 29: 104-106. |
|
Article
|
Bruce C. Nicoll and Alexis Achim and Shaun Mochan and Barry A. Gardiner
|
Bruce C. Nicoll and Alexis Achim and Shaun Mochan and Barry A. Gardiner. 2005. Does steep terrain influence tree stability? A field investigation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 2360-2367. |
|
Article
|
S. Vogel
|
S. Vogel. 1989. Drag and reconfiguration of broad leaves in high winds. Journal of Experimental Botany 40: 941-948. |
|
Article
|
Brian Kane and E. T. Smiley
|
Brian Kane and E. T. Smiley. 2006. Drag coefficients and crown area estimation of red maple. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36: 1951-1958. |
|
Article
|
J. E. Fernandez and F. Moreno and F. Cabrera and J. L. Arrue and J. Martinandra
|
J. E. Fernandez and F. Moreno and F. Cabrera and J. L. Arrue and J. Martinandra. 1991. Drip irrigation, soil characteristics and the root distribution and root activity of oil trees. Plant and Soil 133: 239-251. |
|
Report
|
R. Amtmann
|
R. Amtmann. 1986. Dynamische Windbelastung von Nadelbäumen (Dynamic wind load on coniferous trees). |
|
Article
|
G. Nicolotti and P. Gonthier and D. Pecollo
|
G. Nicolotti and P. Gonthier and D. Pecollo. 2004. Ecologia e grado di preferenza d’ospite dei funghi agenti di carie/ I parte. Acer 1: 47-51. |
|
Article
|
K. von Wilpert and J. Schaffer
|
K. von Wilpert and J. Schaffer. 2006. Ecological effects of soil compaction and initial recovery dynamics: a preliminary study. European Journal of Forest Research 125: 129-138. |
|
Book
|
Anthony Herrel and Thomas Speck and Nick P. Rowe and Anthony
|
Anthony Herrel and Thomas Speck and Nick P. Rowe and Anthony. 2006. Ecology and Biomechanics: A Mechanical Approach to the Ecology of Animals. 334. CRC Press. |
|
Report
|
D. Hart
|
D. Hart. 1983. Economic analysis of the Fomes annosus hazard tree removal program in Yosemite National Park. 25. |
|
Article
|
T. H. Whitlow and N. L. Bassuk
|
T. H. Whitlow and N. L. Bassuk. 1988. Ecophysiology of urban trees and their management - the North American experience. HortScience 23: 542-546. |
|
Article
|
J. Garbaye and C. Lohou and P. Laurent and J. L. Churin
|
J. Garbaye and C. Lohou and P. Laurent and J. L. Churin. 1999. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation of avenue trees in Paris. Acta Horticulturae 496: 445-449. |
|
Article
|
L. van Schoor and P. J. C. Stassen and A. Botha
|
L. van Schoor and P. J. C. Stassen and A. Botha. 2008. Effect of biological soil amendments on tree growth and microbial activity in pome fruit orchards. Acta Horticulturae 767: 309-318. |
|
Article
|
J. D. Sammons and D. K. Struve
|
J. D. Sammons and D. K. Struve. 2004. Effect of Bioplex(TM) on transplant success of non-dormant red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Journal of Environmental Horticulture 22: 197-201. |
|
Article
|
R. P. Zimmermann and L. T. Kardos
|
R. P. Zimmermann and L. T. Kardos. 1961. Effect of Bulk Density on Root Growth. Soil Science 91: 280-288. |
|
Article
|
Tancréde Alméras and Anne Thibaut and Joseph Gril
|
Tancréde Alméras and Anne Thibaut and Joseph Gril. 2005. Effect of circumferential heterogeneity of wood maturation strain, modulus of elasticity and radial growth on the regulation of stem orientation in trees. Trees - Structure and Function 19: 457-467. |
|
Article
|
A. Fini and G. Frangi and G. Amoroso and R. Piatti and M. Faoro and C. Bellasio and F. Ferrini
|
A. Fini and G. Frangi and G. Amoroso and R. Piatti and M. Faoro and C. Bellasio and F. Ferrini. 2011. Effect of controlled inoculation with specific mycorrhizal fungi from the urban environment on growth and physiology of containerized shade tree species growing under different water regimes. Mycorrhiza 21: 703-719. |
|
Article
|
I. Czerniawska-Kusza and G. Kusza and M. Duzynski
|
I. Czerniawska-Kusza and G. Kusza and M. Duzynski. 2004. Effect of deicing salts on urban soils and health status of roadside trees in the Opole region. Journal of Environmental Toxicology 19: 296-301. |
|
Article
|
R. C. Schultz and J. R. Thompson
|
R. C. Schultz and J. R. Thompson. 1996. Effect of density control and undercutting on root morphology of 1+0 bareroot hardwood seedlings: five-year field performance of root-graded stock in the central USA. New Forests 13: 297-311. |
|
Article
|
J. Garbaye and J. L. Churin
|
J. Garbaye and J. L. Churin. 1996. Effect of ectomycorrhizal inoculation at planting on growth and foliage quality of Tilia tomentosa. Journal of Arboriculture 22: 29-34. |
|
Article
|
M. N. Todhunter and F. Chan
|
M. N. Todhunter and F. Chan. 1979. Effect of fescue on black walnut growth. Tree Planters' Notes 30: 20-23. |
|
Article
|
G. J. Keever and G. S. Cobb and J. C. Stephenson and W. J. Foster
|
G. J. Keever and G. S. Cobb and J. C. Stephenson and W. J. Foster. 1989. Effect of hydrophylic polymer amendment on growth of container grown landscape plants. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 7: 52-56. |
|
Article
|
W. H. Meyer and S. B. Hayward
|
W. H. Meyer and S. B. Hayward. 1936. Effect of increment boring on Douglas fir. Journal of Forestry 34: 867-869. |
|
Article
|
C. K. Singer and C. A. Martin
|
C. K. Singer and C. A. Martin. 2009. Effect of landscape mulches and drip irrigation on transplant establishment and growth of three North American desert native plants. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 27: 166-170. |
|
Article
|
C. K. Singer and C. A. Martin
|
C. K. Singer and C. A. Martin. 2008. Effect of landscape mulches on desert landscape microclimates. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34: 230-237. |
|
Article
|
A. Roldan and J. Albaladejo
|
A. Roldan and J. Albaladejo. 1994. Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and soil restoration on the growth of Pinus halepensis seedlings in a semiarid soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 18: 143-149. |
|
Article
|
P. F. Smith
|
P. F. Smith. 1965. Effect of nitrogen source and placement on the root development of Valencia orange trees. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 78: 55-59. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman
|
E. F. Gilman. 2001. Effect of nursery production method, irrigation, and inoculation with mycorrhizae-forming fungi on establishment of Quercus virginiana . Journal of Arboriculture 27: 30-39. |
|
Article
|
J. K. Iles and M. S. Dosmann
|
J. K. Iles and M. S. Dosmann. 1999. Effect of organic and mineral mulches on soil properties and growth of Fairview Flame(TM) red maple trees. Journal of Arboriculture 25: 163-167. |
|
Article
|
S. A. Abod and S. Sandi
|
S. A. Abod and S. Sandi. 1983. Effect of restricted watering and its combination with root pruning on root growth capacity, water status and food reserves of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis seedlings. . Plant and Soil 71: 123-129. |
|
Article
|
T. O. S. Popoola and R. T. V. Fox
|
T. O. S. Popoola and R. T. V. Fox. 1996. Effect of root damage on honey fungus. Arboricultural Journal 20: 329-337. |
|
Article
|
R. K. Ellyard
|
R. K. Ellyard. 1984. Effect of root pruning at time of planting on subsequent root development of two species of eucalyptus. Journal of Arboriculture 10: 214-218. |
|
Article
|
M. A. Rahman and J. G. Smith and P. Stringer and A. R. Ennos
|
M. A. Rahman and J. G. Smith and P. Stringer and A. R. Ennos. 2011. Effect of rooting conditions on the growth and cooling ability of Pyrus calleryana. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 10: 185-192. |
|
Article
|
A. N. Wright and S. L. Warren and F. A. Blazich
|
A. N. Wright and S. L. Warren and F. A. Blazich. 2007. Effect of root-zone temperature on survival, growth, and root morphology of Kalmia latifolia and Ilex crenata 'Compacta'. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 25: 73-77. |
|
Conference
|
P. P. Kormanik and S. S. Sung and D. J. Kass and S. Schlarbaum
|
P. P. Kormanik and S. S. Sung and D. J. Kass and S. Schlarbaum. 1998. Effect of seedling size and first-order-lateral roots on early development of northern red oak on mesic sites. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report SRS-20 247-252. ed. T. A. Waldrop, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Clemson, SC. |
|
Article
|
S. Mukhtar and J. L. Baker and R. S. Kanwar
|
S. Mukhtar and J. L. Baker and R. S. Kanwar. 1996. Effect of short-term flooding and drainage on soil oxygenation. Transactions of the ASaE 39: 915-920. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman and L. A. Leone and F. B. Flower
|
E. F. Gilman and L. A. Leone and F. B. Flower. 1987. Effect of soil compaction and oxygen content on vertical and horizontal root distribution. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 5: 33-36. |
|
Article
|
C. A. Jones
|
C. A. Jones. 1983. Effect of soil texture on critical bulk densities for root growth. Soil Science Society of America Journal 47: 1208-1211. |
|
Article
|
D. W. Sheriff and E. K. S. Nambiar
|
D. W. Sheriff and E. K. S. Nambiar. 1995. Effect of subsoil compaction and three densities of simulated root channels in the subsoil on growth, carbon gain and water uptake of Pinus radiata. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 22: 1001-1013. |
|
Article
|
D. B. Headley and N. Bassuk
|
D. B. Headley and N. Bassuk. 1991. Effect of time of application of sodium chloride in the dormant season on selected tree seedlings. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 9: 130-136. |
|
Article
|
G. Watson
|
G. Watson. 2004. Effect of transplanting and paclobutrazol on root growth of 'Green column' black maple and 'Summit' green ash. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 22: 209-212. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman and F. J. Masters
|
E. F. Gilman and F. J. Masters. 2010. Effect of tree size, root pruning, and production method on root growth and lateral stability of Quercus virginiana. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36: 281-291. |
|
Article
|
L. B. Stabler and C. A. Martin and J. C. Stutz
|
L. B. Stabler and C. A. Martin and J. C. Stutz. 2001. Effect of urban expansion on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal mediation of landscape tree growth. Journal of Arboriculture 27: 193-202. |
|
Book
|
L. A. Paine
|
L. A. Paine. 1967. Effective tree hazard control on forested recreation sites - losses and protection costs evaluated.. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. |
|
Article
|
Charles A. Rowan and Stephen J. Mitchell and Hailemariam Temesgen
|
Charles A. Rowan and Stephen J. Mitchell and Hailemariam Temesgen. 2003. Effectiveness of clearcut edge windfirming treatments in coastal British Columbia: short-term results. Forestry 76: 55-65. |
|
Article
|
L. Corkidi and E. B. Allen and D. Merhaut and M. F. Allen and J. Downer and J. Bohn and M. Evans
|
L. Corkidi and E. B. Allen and D. Merhaut and M. F. Allen and J. Downer and J. Bohn and M. Evans. 2005. Effectiveness of commercial mycorrhizal inoculants on the growth of Liquidambar styraciflua in plant nursery conditions. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 23: 72-76. |
|
Article
|
D. R. Pittenger and T. Stamen
|
D. R. Pittenger and T. Stamen. 1990. Effectiveness of methods used to reduce harmful effects of compacted soil around landscape trees. Journal of Arboriculture 16: 55-57. |
|
Article
|
J. A. Wagar and P. A. Barker
|
J. A. Wagar and P. A. Barker. 1993. Effectiveness of three barrier materials for stopping regenerating roots of established trees. Journal of Arboriculture 19: 332-338. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson and G. Kupkowski
|
G. W. Watson and G. Kupkowski. 1991. Effects of a deep layer of mulch on the soil environment and tree root growth. Journal of Arboriculture 17: 243-245. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman
|
E. F. Gilman. 2004. Effects of amendments, soil additives, and irrigation on tree survival and growth. Journal of Arboriculture 30: 301-310. |
|
Article
|
E. K. S. Nambiar and R. Sands
|
E. K. S. Nambiar and R. Sands. 1992. Effects of compaction and simulated root channels in the subsoil on root development, water uptake and growth of radiata pine. Tree Physiology 10: 297-306. |
|
Article
|
V. M. Blouin and M. G. Schmidt and C. E. Bulmer and M. Krzic
|
V. M. Blouin and M. G. Schmidt and C. E. Bulmer and M. Krzic. 2008. Effects of compaction and water content on lodgepole pine seedling growth. Forest Ecology and Management 255: 2444-2452. |
|
Article
|
W. C. Carlson
|
W. C. Carlson. 1981. Effects of controlled-release fertilizers on shoot and root development of outplanted western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla Raf. Sarg) Seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 11: 752-757. |
|
Article
|
W. C. Carlson and C. L. Preisig
|
W. C. Carlson and C. L. Preisig. 1981. Effects of controlled-release fertilizers on the shoot and root development of Douglas-fir seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 11: 230-242. |
|
Article
|
L. Rytter and T. Ericsson and R. M. Rytter
|
L. Rytter and T. Ericsson and R. M. Rytter. 2003. Effects of demand-driven fertilization on nutrient use, root:plant ratio and field performance of Betula pendula and Picea abies. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 18: 401-415. |
|
Article
|
W. Feng and W. Duan and H. Xu
|
W. Feng and W. Duan and H. Xu. 2008. Effects of different land use on physicochemical property and fertility of urban soil - a case study of Baoding city. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei 31: 61-64. |
|
Article
|
D. Gaul and D. Hertel and W. Borken and E. Matzner and C. Leuschner
|
D. Gaul and D. Hertel and W. Borken and E. Matzner and C. Leuschner. 2008. Effects of experimental drought on the fine root system of mature Norway spruce. Forest Ecology and Management 256: 1151-1159. |
|
Article
|
T. K. Broschat and M. L. Elliot
|
T. K. Broschat and M. L. Elliot. 2009. Effects of fertilization and microbial inoculants applied at transplanting on the growth of Mexican fan palm and queen palm. HortTechnology 19: 324-330. |
|
Book Section
|
L. H. Stolzy and R. E. Sojka
|
L. H. Stolzy and R. E. Sojka. 1984. Effects of flooding in plant disease. Flooding and Plant Growth 261-264. ed. T. T. Kozlowski, Academic Press, New York. |
|
Article
|
S. D. Day and N. L. Bassuk and H. van Es
|
S. D. Day and N. L. Bassuk and H. van Es. 1995. Effects of four compaction remediation methods for landscape trees on soil aeration, mechanical impedance and tree establishment. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 13: 64-71. |
|
Report
|
D. Minore and C. E. Smith and R. F. Woollard
|
D. Minore and C. E. Smith and R. F. Woollard. 1969. Effects of High Soil Density on Seedling Root Growth of Seven Northwestern Tree Species. USDA Forest Service Research Note 6. |
|
Article
|
F. A. Al-Mana and D. J. Beattie
|
F. A. Al-Mana and D. J. Beattie. 1996. Effects of hormone-charged hydrophilic polymer on root regeneration in red oak and black gum transplants. Acta Horticulturae 429: 459-466. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman
|
E. F. Gilman. 1989. Effects of injected and surface fertility on hibiscus growth in bare ground, mulch and turf. Florida State Horticultural Society 102: 144-145. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman and C. L. Wiese and M. Paz and A. L. Shober and S. M. Scheiber and K. A. Moore and M. Brennan
|
E. F. Gilman and C. L. Wiese and M. Paz and A. L. Shober and S. M. Scheiber and K. A. Moore and M. Brennan. 2009. Effects of irrigation volume and frequency on shrub establishment in Florida. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 27: 149-154. |
|
Article
|
H. T. Kraus
|
H. T. Kraus. 1998. Effects of mulch on soil moisture and growth of desert willow. HortTechnology 8: 588-590. |
|
Article
|
K. Johansson and G. Orlander and U. Nilsson
|
K. Johansson and G. Orlander and U. Nilsson. 2006. Effects of mulching and insecticides on establishment and growth of Norway spruce. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36: 2377-2385. |
|
Article
|
T. Abbey and T. Rathier
|
T. Abbey and T. Rathier. 2005. Effects of mycorrhizal fungi, biostimulants and water absorbing polymers on the growth and survival of four landscape plant species. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 23: 108-111. |
|
Article
|
S. A. Abod
|
S. A. Abod. 1990. Effects of nutrients deficiencies on the root regenerating potential and growth of Pinus caribaea and Pinus kesiya seedlings. Pertanika 13: 145-150. |
|
Article
|
A. D. Barnes
|
A. D. Barnes. 2002. Effects of phenology, water availability and seed source on loblolly pine biomass partitioning and transpiration. Tree Physiology 22: 733-740. |
|
Article
|
C. Wells and K. Townsend and J. Caldwell and D. Ham and E. T. Smiley and M. Sherwood
|
C. Wells and K. Townsend and J. Caldwell and D. Ham and E. T. Smiley and M. Sherwood. 2006. Effects of planting depth on landscape tree survival and girdling root formation. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32: 305-311. |
|
Article
|
R. Gebauer and M. Martinkova
|
R. Gebauer and M. Martinkova. 2005. Effects of pressure on the root systems of Norway spruce plants (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). Journal of Forest Science 51: 268-275. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman and Jason Grabosky and Scott Jones and Chris Harchick
|
E. F. Gilman and Jason Grabosky and Scott Jones and Chris Harchick. 2008. Effects of pruning dose and type on trunk movement in tropical wind storms.. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34: 13-19. |
|
Article
|
D. M. Benson and H. D. Shew and R. K. Jones
|
D. M. Benson and H. D. Shew and R. K. Jones. 1982. Effects of raised and ground-level beds and pine bark on survival of azalea and population dynamics of Phytophthora cinnamomi. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 4: 278-280. |
|
Article
|
H. Madji and H. Persson
|
H. Madji and H. Persson. 1989. Effects of road-traffic pollutants (lead and cadmium) on tree fine roots along a motor road. Plant and Soil 119: 1-5. |
|
Article
|
T. J. Tschaplinski and T. J. Blake
|
T. J. Tschaplinski and T. J. Blake. 1985. Effects of root restriction on growth correlations, water relations and senescence of alder seedlings. Physiologia Plantarum 64: 167-176. |
|
Article
|
D. Richards and R. N. Rowe
|
D. Richards and R. N. Rowe. 1977. Effects of root restriction, root pruning and 6-benzylaminopurine on the growth of peach seedlings. Annals of Botany 41: 729-740. |
|
Article
|
C. P. Andersen and E. I. Sucoff and R. K. Dixon
|
C. P. Andersen and E. I. Sucoff and R. K. Dixon. 1986. Effects of root zone temperature on root initiation and elongation in red pine seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16: 696-700. |
|
Article
|
M. A. Dirr
|
M. A. Dirr. 1975. Effects of salts and application methods on English Ivy. HortScience 10: 182-184. |
|
Article
|
B. Konopka and K. Noguchi and T. Sakata and M. Takahashi and Z. Konopkova
|
B. Konopka and K. Noguchi and T. Sakata and M. Takahashi and Z. Konopkova. 2007. Effects of simulated drought stress on the fine roots of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) in a plantation forest on the Kanto Plain, eastern Japan. Journal of Forest Research 12: 143-151. |
|
Article
|
D. Neely and E. B. Himelick
|
D. Neely and E. B. Himelick. 1966. Effects of SMDC on elm roots. Plant Disease Reporter 50: 473-476. |
|
Article
|
D. Epron and M.-L. Toussaint and P.-M. Badot
|
D. Epron and M.-L. Toussaint and P.-M. Badot. 1999. Effects of sodium chloride salinity on root growth and respiration in oak seedlings. Annals of Forest Science 56: 41-47. |
|
Article
|
I. G. W. Corns and D. G. Maynard
|
I. G. W. Corns and D. G. Maynard. 1998. Effects of soil compaction and chipped aspen residue on aspen regeneration and soil nutrients. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78: 85-92. |
|
Article
|
H. M. Taylor and G. S. Brar
|
H. M. Taylor and G. S. Brar. 1991. Effects of soil compaction on root development. Soil & Tillage Research 19: 111-119. |
|
Conference
|
G. L. Simmons and P. E. Pope
|
G. L. Simmons and P. E. Pope. 1985. Effects of soil compaction on root growth characteristics of yellow-poplar and sweetgum seedlings. Proceedings of the Fifth Central Hardwood Forestry Conference, Publication 85-05 of the Society of American Foresters 264-268. ed. J. O Dawson and K. A. Majerus, University of Illinois Department of Forestry, Urbana-Champaign. |
|
Article
|
D. Jordan and F. J. Ponder and V. C. Hubbard
|
D. Jordan and F. J. Ponder and V. C. Hubbard. 2003. Effects of soil compaction, forest leaf litter and nitrogen fertilizer on two oak species and microbial activity. Applied Soil Ecology 23: 33-41. |
|
Article
|
J. Olesinski and M. B. Lavigne and M. J. Krasowski
|
J. Olesinski and M. B. Lavigne and M. J. Krasowski. 2011. Effects of soil moisture manipulations on fine root dynamics in a mature balsam fir (Abies balsamea L. Mill.) forest. Tree Physiology 31: 339-348. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson and E. B. Himelick
|
G. W. Watson and E. B. Himelick. 2004. Effects of soil pH, root density, and tree growth regulator treatments on pin oak chlorosis. Journal of Arboriculture 30: 172-177. |
|
Article
|
R. F. Howard and M. J. Singer and G. A. Frantz
|
R. F. Howard and M. J. Singer and G. A. Frantz. 1981. Effects of soil properties, water content and compactive effort on the compaction of selected California forest and range soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 45: 231-236. |
|
Article
|
N. S. Blaker and J. D. MacDonald
|
N. S. Blaker and J. D. MacDonald. 1985. Effects of soil salinity on the formation of sporangia and zoospores of three isolates of Phytophthora. Phytopathology 75: 270-274. |
|
Article
|
E. Pan and N. Bassuk
|
E. Pan and N. Bassuk. 1985. Effects of soil type and compaction on the growth of Ailanthus altissima seedlings. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 3: 158-162. |
|
Article
|
B. Truax and G. Gagnon
|
B. Truax and G. Gagnon. 1993. Effects of straw and black plastic mulching on the initial growth and nutrition of butternut, white ash and bur oak. Forest Ecology and Management 57: 17-27. |
|
Article
|
S. B. Magley and D. K. Struve
|
S. B. Magley and D. K. Struve. 1983. Effects of three transplant methods on survival, growth, and root regeneration of caliper pin oaks. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 1: 59-62. |
|
Article
|
S. Guggenmoos
|
S. Guggenmoos. 2003. Effects of tree mortality on power line security. Journal of Arboriculture 29: 4. |
|
Article
|
T. L. Green and G. W. Watson
|
T. L. Green and G. W. Watson. 1989. Effects of turfgrass and mulch on the establishment and growth of bare-root sugar maples . Journal of Arboriculture 15: 268-272. |
|
Article
|
S. L. Fales and R. C. Wakefield
|
S. L. Fales and R. C. Wakefield. 1981. Effects of turfgrass on the establishment of woody plants. Agronomy Journal 73: 605-610. |
|
Article
|
T. E. Numbere and F. D. Morrison and R. W. Campbell
|
T. E. Numbere and F. D. Morrison and R. W. Campbell. 1992. Effects of uniconazole, paclobutrazol, and flurprimidol on the control of young apple tree (Malus domestica) growth. Plant Growth Regulator Society of America Quarterly 20: 65-75. |
|
Article
|
C.-L. Chan and D. C. Joyce
|
C.-L. Chan and D. C. Joyce. 2007. Effects of urea formaldehyde foam soil amendment on growth and response to transient water deficit stress of potted Flindersia schottiana saplings. Scientia Horticulturae 114: 112-120. |
|
Article
|
T. Piri
|
T. Piri. 1998. Effects of vitality fertilization on the growth or Heterobasidion annosum in Norway spruce roots. European Journal of Forest Pathology 28: 391-397. |
|
Article
|
J. D. McMillin and M. R. Wagner
|
J. D. McMillin and M. R. Wagner. 1995. Effects of water stress on biomass partitioning of ponderosa pine seedlings during primary root growth and shoot growth periods. Forest Science 41: 594-610. |
|
Article
|
Emmanuel de Langre
|
Emmanuel de Langre. 2008. Effects of wind on plants. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 40: 141-168. |
|
Article
|
F. W. Holmes
|
F. W. Holmes. 1984. Effects on maples of prolonged exposure by artificial girdling roots. Journal of Arboriculture 10: 40-44. |
|
Report
|
Kim D. Coder
|
Kim D. Coder. 2005. Elastic limit: strength properties of living trees. |
|
Article
|
R. O. Blanchard and T. A. Tattar
|
R. O. Blanchard and T. A. Tattar. 1974. Electrical properties of wood in progressive stages of discoloration and decay. Phytopathology 64: 578-579. |
|
Article
|
K. T. Smith and W. C. Shortle
|
K. T. Smith and W. C. Shortle. 1988. Electrical resistance and wood decay by white rot fungi. Mycologia 80: 124-126. |
|
Article
|
C. Goodwin and G. Lumis
|
C. Goodwin and G. Lumis. 1992. Embedded wire in tree roots implications for tree growth and root function . Journal of Arboriculture 18: 115-123. |
|
Article
|
C. P. Chanway and M. Shishido and J. Nairn and S. Jungwirth and J. Markham and G. Xiao and F. B. Holl
|
C. P. Chanway and M. Shishido and J. Nairn and S. Jungwirth and J. Markham and G. Xiao and F. B. Holl. 2000. Endophytic colonization and field responses of hybrid spruce seedlings after inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Forest Ecology and Management 133: 81-88. |
|
Article
|
Claus Mattheck
|
Claus Mattheck. 1990. Engineering components grow like treees. Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik (Materials Science and Engineering) 21: 143-168. |
|
Article
|
D. A. Seaby and C. Selby
|
D. A. Seaby and C. Selby. 1990. Enhanced seedling root development in eight conifer species induced by naphthalene acetic acid. Forestry 63: 197-207. |
|
Article
|
P. Berrang and D. F. Karnosky and B. J. Stanton
|
P. Berrang and D. F. Karnosky and B. J. Stanton. 1985. Environmental factors affecting tree health in New York City. Journal of Arboriculture 11: 185-189. |
|
Article
|
K. Bethge and C. Mattheck and E. Hunger
|
K. Bethge and C. Mattheck and E. Hunger. 1996. Equipment for detection and evaluation of incipient decay in trees. Arboricultural Journal 20: 13-37. |
|
Article
|
FWMR Schwarze and S. Fink
|
FWMR Schwarze and S. Fink. 1994. Ermittlung der Holzzersetzung am lebenden Baum.-
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen verschiedener Diagnosemethoden zur Erfassung von
Holzzersetzungsmustern (Determination of the wood decay at the living tree. - Possibilities and borders of different diagnostic m. Neue Landschaft 39: 182-193. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson and S. Clark
|
G. W. Watson and S. Clark. 2006. Establishing a relationship between soil aeration and fine root development of seven tree species using the steel rod technique. Arboricultural Journal 29: 161-171. |
|
Report
|
H. P. Zisa and H. G. Halverson and B. B. Stout
|
H. P. Zisa and H. G. Halverson and B. B. Stout. 1980. Establishment and early growth of conifers on compact soils in urban areas. USDA Forest Service Research Paper 8. |
|
Report
|
Kim D. Coder
|
Kim D. Coder. 2004. Estimating leaning tree failures. |
|
Article
|
A. P. da Silva and B. D. Kay
|
A. P. da Silva and B. D. Kay. 1997. Estimating the least limiting water range of soils from properties and management. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61: 877-883. |
|
Report
|
Kim D. Coder
|
Kim D. Coder. 2000. Estimating wind forces on tree crowns. |
|
Article
|
H. M. Hanslin and A. Saebo and O. Bergersen
|
H. M. Hanslin and A. Saebo and O. Bergersen. 2005. Estimation of oxygen concentration in the soil gas phase beneath compost mulch by means of a simple method. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 4: 37-40. |
|
Article
|
A. Riedacker
|
A. Riedacker. 1978. Etude de la deviation des racines horizontales ou oblique issues de boutures de peuplier qui rencontrent un obstacle: application pour la conception de conteneurs. Annales des Sciences Forestieres 35: 1-18. |
|
Report
|
Anonymous
|
Anonymous. 2010. European Technical & Quality Standards for Nurserystock. 53. |
|
Article
|
K. Von Gadow
|
K. Von Gadow. 2000. Evaluating risk in forest planning models. Silva Fennica 34: 181-191. |
|
Article
|
R. G. Rathjens and T. D. Sydnor and D. S. Gardner
|
R. G. Rathjens and T. D. Sydnor and D. S. Gardner. 2009. Evaluating root crown excavation as a treatment for deeply-planted landscape trees. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 35: 287-293. |
|
Book
|
E. Hayes
|
E. Hayes. 2001. Evaluating tree defects. 34. Safetrees. |
|
Article
|
K. Fite and E. T. Smiley and J. McIntyre and C. E. Wells
|
K. Fite and E. T. Smiley and J. McIntyre and C. E. Wells. 2011. Evaluation of a soil decompaction and amendment process for urban trees. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37: 293-300. |
|
Article
|
Takehiro Yamaguchi and Katsuhiko Sasaki and Yasuaki Sakamoto
|
Takehiro Yamaguchi and Katsuhiko Sasaki and Yasuaki Sakamoto. 2001. Evaluation of a stress-wave timer for the minimally destructive detection of decay in living trees in Northern-Japanese forests. Journal of Forest Research 6: 117-120. |
|
Article
|
M. K. Myers and H. C. Harrison
|
M. K. Myers and H. C. Harrison. 1988. Evaluation of container plantings in an urban environment. Journal of Arboriculture 14: 293-297. |
|
Article
|
C. Y. Jim
|
C. Y. Jim. 2004. Evaluation of heritage trees for conservation and management in Guangzhou City (China). Environmental Management 33: 74-86. |
|
Article
|
A. J. J. Laiche
|
A. J. J. Laiche. 1991. Evaluation of humic acids and slow-release fertilizers on container-grown landscape plants. Research Report - Mississippi Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station 16: 1-3. |
|
Article
|
J. A. Dolwin
|
J. A. Dolwin. 1996. Evaluation of internal defects in trees and their legal implications. Arboricultural Journal 20: 173-178. |
|
Thesis
|
M. C. Reuter
|
M. C. Reuter. 2000. Evaluation of non-destructive testing methods for timber quality assessment on standing trees in mixed hill dipterocarp forests in Sarawak, Malaysia. 145. |
|
Article
|
E. T. Smiley and G. W. Watson and B. R. Fraedrich and D. C. Booth
|
E. T. Smiley and G. W. Watson and B. R. Fraedrich and D. C. Booth. 1990. Evaluation of soil aeration equipment. Journal of Arboriculture 16: 118-123. |
|
Article
|
C. J. Luley and Jerry Bond
|
C. J. Luley and Jerry Bond. 2006. Evaluation of the fate of ice storm-damaged urban maple (Acer) trees. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32: 214-220. |
|
Article
|
I. Burgert and A. Bernasconi and D. Eckstein
|
I. Burgert and A. Bernasconi and D. Eckstein. 1999. Evidence for the strength function of rays in living trees. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 57: 397-399. |
|
Article
|
I. Burgert and A. Bernasconi and D. Eckstein
|
I. Burgert and A. Bernasconi and D. Eckstein. 1999. Evidence for the strength function of rays in living trees. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 57: 397-399. |
|
Article
|
Karl J. Niklas and Thomas Speck
|
Karl J. Niklas and Thomas Speck. 2001. Evolutionary trends in safety factors against wind-induced stem failure. American Journal of Botany 88: 1266-1278. |
|
Article
|
E. G. McPherson
|
E. G. McPherson. 2000. Expenditures associated with conflicts between street tree root growth and hardscape in California, United States. Journal of Arboriculture 26: 289-297. |
|
Book Section
|
D. Guitard and G. E. Castera
|
D. Guitard and G. E. Castera. 1995. Experimental analysis and mechanical modelling of wind-induced tree sways. Wind and trees . 182-194. ed. ed. M. P. Coutts and J. Grace, Cambridge University Press. |
|
Article
|
H. J. Roodbaraky and C. J. Baker and A. R. Dawson and C. J. Wright
|
H. J. Roodbaraky and C. J. Baker and A. R. Dawson and C. J. Wright. 1994. Experimental observations of urban trees in high winds. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 52: 171-184. |
|
Report
|
E. B. Himelick and H. W. Fox
|
E. B. Himelick and H. W. Fox. 1961. Experimental studies on control of oak wilt disease. Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin 680: 48. |
|
Article
|
Joakim Axmon and Maria Hansson and Leif Sörnmo
|
Joakim Axmon and Maria Hansson and Leif Sörnmo. 2004. Experimental study on the possibility of detecting internal decay in standing Picea abies by blind impact response analysis. Forestry 77: 179-192. |
|
Article
|
F. G. Achinelli and J. L. Marquina and R. M. Marlats
|
F. G. Achinelli and J. L. Marquina and R. M. Marlats. 1997. Exploratory study of the relationships between tree growth, site conditions, and maintenance practices in street plantings of Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall of La Plata city, Argentina. Arboricultural Journal 21: 305-315. |
|
Article
|
G. L. Switzer
|
G. L. Switzer. 1960. Exposure and planting depth effects on loblolly pine planting stock on poorly drained sites. Journal of Forestry 58: 390-391. |
|
Article
|
R. G. Hootman and P. D. Kelsey and R. Reid and K. vond der Heide-Spravka
|
R. G. Hootman and P. D. Kelsey and R. Reid and K. vond der Heide-Spravka. 1994. Factors affecting accumulation of deicing salts in soils around trees. Journal of Arboriculture 20: 196-201. |
|
Article
|
T. K. Broschat and H. Donselman
|
T. K. Broschat and H. Donselman. 1987. Factors affecting palm transplant success. Florida State Horticultural Society 100: 396-397. |
|
Article
|
L. H. MacDaniels
|
L. H. MacDaniels. 1932. Factors affecting the breaking strength of apple tree crotches.. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science 29: |
|
Thesis
|
Douglas D. Piirto
|
Douglas D. Piirto. 1977. Factors associated with tree failure of giant sequoia. |
|
Article
|
F. Garcia-Orenes and C. Guerrero and J. Mataix-Solera and J. Navarro-Pedreno and I. Gomez and J. Mataix-Beneyto
|
F. Garcia-Orenes and C. Guerrero and J. Mataix-Solera and J. Navarro-Pedreno and I. Gomez and J. Mataix-Beneyto. 2005. Factors controlling the aggregate stability and bulk density in two different degraded soils amended with biosolids. Soil & Tillage Research 82: 65-76. |
|
Article
|
J. A. Petty and C. Swain
|
J. A. Petty and C. Swain. 1985. Factors influencing stem breakage of conifers in high winds. Forestry 58: 75-84. |
|
Article
|
Jean-Claude Ruel
|
Jean-Claude Ruel. 2000. Factors influencing windthrow in balsam fir forests: from landscape studies to individual tree studies. Forest Ecology and Management 135: 169-178. |
|
Article
|
D. J. J. Roppolo and R. W. Miller
|
D. J. J. Roppolo and R. W. Miller. 2001. Factors predisposing urban trees to sunscald. Journal of Arboriculture 27: 246-254. |
|
Article
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge and D. Erb
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge and D. Erb. 1993. Failure criteria for trees. Arboricultural Journal 17: 201-209. |
|
Article
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge and W. Albrecht
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge and W. Albrecht. 1995. Failure modes of trees and related failure criteria. Wind and trees. Edited by MP Coutts and J. Grace. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 195-203. |
|
Article
|
C. G. Percival
|
C. G. Percival. 2013. Failure of biostimulants to enhance drought and salt tolerance in urban trees. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry |
|
Article
|
C. G. Mattheck and K. A. Bethge
|
C. G. Mattheck and K. A. Bethge. 1991. Failure of trees induced by delamination. Arboricultural Journal 15: 243-253. |
|
Article
|
S. McClure
|
S. McClure. 1991. Fatal flaws. Overlooking critical practices for planting B&B material may prove deadly. American Nurseryman 174: 58-61. |
|
Article
|
L. V. Socco and L. Sambuelli and R. Martinis and G. Nicolotti
|
L. V. Socco and L. Sambuelli and R. Martinis and G. Nicolotti. 2003. Feasibility of ultrasonic tomography for nondestructive testing of decay on living trees. Research in Nondestructive Evaluation 15: 31-54. |
|
Book
|
C. Mattheck and H. Breloer
|
C. Mattheck and H. Breloer. 1992. Feldanleitung für Baumkontrollen mit VTA. Landschaftsarchitektur. |
|
Article
|
H. van de Werken
|
H. van de Werken. 1981. Fertilization and other factors enhancing the growth of young shade trees. Journal of Arboriculture 7: 33-37. |
|
Article
|
D. F. Jacobs and R. Rose and D. L. Haase and P. O. Alzugaray
|
D. F. Jacobs and R. Rose and D. L. Haase and P. O. Alzugaray. 2004. Fertilization at planting impairs root system development and drought avoidance of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings. Annals of Forest Science 61: 643-651. |
|
Article
|
H. van de Werken
|
H. van de Werken. 1984. Fertilization practices as they influence the growth rate of young shade trees. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 2: 64-69. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman and T. H. Yeager and D. Weigle
|
E. F. Gilman and T. H. Yeager and D. Weigle. 1996. Fertilizer, irrigation and root ball slicing affects burford holly growth after planting. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 14: 105-110. |
|
Article
|
D. F. Jacobs and V. R. Timmer
|
D. F. Jacobs and V. R. Timmer. 2005. Fertilizer-induced changes in rhizosphere electrical conductivity: relation to forest tree seedling root system growth and function. New Forests 30: 147-166. |
|
Report
|
R. W. Harris and J. L. Paul and A. T. Leiser
|
R. W. Harris and J. L. Paul and A. T. Leiser. 1977. Fertilizing woody plants. University of California Agronomy Science 23. |
|
Article
|
B. A. Gardiner and G. R. Stacey and R. E. Belcher and C. J. Wood
|
B. A. Gardiner and G. R. Stacey and R. E. Belcher and C. J. Wood. 1997. Field and wind tunnel assessments of the implications of respacing and thinning for tree stability. Forestry 70: 233-252. |
|
Conference
|
R. Kappel
|
R. Kappel. 1999. Field experience with tree decay detecting tools. 496: 221-228. Acta Hort (ISHS). |
|
Report
|
Richard Toupin and Michael Barger
|
Richard Toupin and Michael Barger. 2005. Field guide for danger tree identification and response. 56. |
|
Article
|
C. Mattheck and H. Breloer
|
C. Mattheck and H. Breloer. 1994. Field guide for visual tree assessment (VTA). Arboricultural Journal 18: 1-23. |
|
Conference
|
P. E. Tusler and J. D. MacDonald and L. R. Costello
|
P. E. Tusler and J. D. MacDonald and L. R. Costello. 1998. Fill soil effects on soil aeration. The Landscape Below Ground II: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils 97-104. ed. G. W. Watson and D. Neely, International Society of Arboriculture, Savoy, IL. |
|
Article
|
J. D. MacDonald and L. R. Costello and J. M. Lichter and D. Quickert
|
J. D. MacDonald and L. R. Costello and J. M. Lichter and D. Quickert. 2004. Fill soil effects on soil aeration and tree growth. Journal of Arboriculture 30: 19-27. |
|
Article
|
T. Katterer and A. Fabiao and M. Madiera and C. Ribeiro and E. Steen
|
T. Katterer and A. Fabiao and M. Madiera and C. Ribeiro and E. Steen. 1995. Fine-root dynamics, soil moisture and soil carbon content in a Eucalyptus globulus plantation under different irrigation and fertilization regimes. Forest Ecology and Management 74: 1-12. |
|
Report
|
T. H. Whitlow and R. W. Harris
|
T. H. Whitlow and R. W. Harris. 1979. Flood tolerance in plants: A state-of-the-art review. Vicksburg, Mississippi U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment 161. |
|
Article
|
D. T. Bell and E. L. Johnson
|
D. T. Bell and E. L. Johnson. 1974. Flood-caused tree mortality around Illinois reservoirs. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 67: 28-37. |
|
Article
|
J. D. Deans
|
J. D. Deans. 1979. Fluctuations of the soil environment and fine root growth in a young sitka spruce plantation. Plant and Soil 52: 195-208. |
|
Report
|
R. D. MacLeod and W. J. Cram
|
R. D. MacLeod and W. J. Cram. 1996. Forces Exerted by Tree Roots. Arboriculture Research and Information Note 7. |
|
Article
|
Edwin Everham and Nicholas Brokaw
|
Edwin Everham and Nicholas Brokaw. 1996. Forest damage and recovery from catastrophic wind. The Botanical Review 62: 113-185. |
|
Article
|
J. R. Donnelly and J. B. Shane
|
J. R. Donnelly and J. B. Shane. 1986. Forest ecosystem response to artificially induced soil compaction. I. Soil physical properties and tree diameter growth. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16: 750-754. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson and S. Clark and K. Johnson
|
G. W. Watson and S. Clark and K. Johnson. 1990. Formation of girdling roots. Journal of Arboriculture 16: 197-202. |
|
Article
|
J. Bond
|
J. Bond. 2006. Foundations of tree risk analysis: Use of the t/R ratio to evaluate trunk failure potential. Arborist News 31-34. |
|
Article
|
Tony Farquhar and Yong Zhao
|
Tony Farquhar and Yong Zhao. 2006. Fracture mechanics and its relevance to botanical structures. American J. Botany 93: 1449-1454. |
|
Article
|
A. Lindstrom
|
A. Lindstrom. 1986. Freezing temperature in the root zone - effects on growth of containerized Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 1: 371-378. |
|
Report
|
R. R. Kormanik
|
R. R. Kormanik. 1988. Frequency distribution of first-order lateral roots in forest tree seedlings: silvicultural implications. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report 101-105. Proceedings 5th biennial southern silvicultural research conference, Memphis, TN, November 1-3, 1988. |
|
Report
|
P. P. Kormanik and J. L. Ruehle and H. D. Muse
|
P. P. Kormanik and J. L. Ruehle and H. D. Muse. 1989. Frequency distribution of lateral roots of 1-0 bare-root white oak seedlings. USDA Forest Service Southeastern Forest Experiment Station Research Note 5. |
|
Book
|
FWMR Schwarze and J. Engels and Claus Matteck
|
FWMR Schwarze and J. Engels and Claus Matteck. 2004. Fungal strategies of wood decay in trees. Springer. |
|
Book
|
FWMR Schwarze and C. C. Mattheck and J. Engels
|
FWMR Schwarze and C. C. Mattheck and J. Engels. 2000. Fungal strategies of wood decay in trees. Springer. |
|
Article
|
T. H. Jr. Filer
|
T. H. Jr. Filer. 1972. Gamma radiation detects defects in trees and logs. Phytopathology 62: 756. |
|
Article
|
F. Schwarze and D. Ferner
|
F. Schwarze and D. Ferner. 2003. Ganoderma on trees - differentiation of species and studies of invasiveness. Arboricultural Journal 27: 59-77. |
|
Article
|
J. A. Currie
|
J. A. Currie. 1984. Gas diffusion through soil crumbs: The effects of compaction and wetting. Journal of Soil Science 35: 1-10. |
|
Article
|
A. L. Shigo and W. C. Shortle and P. W. Garrett
|
A. L. Shigo and W. C. Shortle and P. W. Garrett. 1977. Genetic control suggested in compartmentalization of discolored wood associated with tree wounds. Forest Science 23: 179-82. |
|
Article
|
Said Attia al Hagrey
|
Said Attia al Hagrey. 2007. Geophysical imaging of root-zone, trunk, and moisture heterogeneity. Journal of Experimental Botany 58: 839-854. |
|
Conference
|
G. W. Watson
|
G. W. Watson. 2006. Getting the roots right: The structural root depth best management practice. Proceedings of Trees and Planting: Getting the Roots Right 52-53. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL. |
|
Article
|
F. R. Gouin
|
F. R. Gouin. 1983. Girdling by roots and ropes. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 1: 48-50. |
|
Article
|
F. R. Gouin
|
F. R. Gouin. 1983. Girdling roots, fact or fiction. International Plant Propagators' Society 33: 428-432. |
|
Article
|
M. A. Arnold and D. K. Struve
|
M. A. Arnold and D. K. Struve. 1989. Green ash establishment following transplant . Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114: 591-595. |
|
Article
|
M. A. Arnold and G. V. McDonald
|
M. A. Arnold and G. V. McDonald. 2009. Groundcovers, organic and inorganic mulches, and masonry surfaces differentially affect establishment and root zone characteristics of urban trees. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 35: 232-240. |
|
Article
|
N. Bassuk and J. Grabosky and A. Mucciardi and G. Raffel
|
N. Bassuk and J. Grabosky and A. Mucciardi and G. Raffel. 2011. Ground-penetrating radar accurately locates tree roots in two soil media under pavement. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37: 160-166. |
|
Article
|
Steven R. Bakken
|
Steven R. Bakken. 1995. Group-tree hazard analysis. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 150-150. |
|
Article
|
M. A. Arnold and D. K. Struve
|
M. A. Arnold and D. K. Struve. 1989. Growing green ash and red oak in CuCO3-treated containers increases root regeneration and shoot growth following transplant . Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114: 402-406. |
|
Article
|
P. Kristoffersen
|
P. Kristoffersen. 1999. Growing trees in road foundation materials. Arboricultural Journal 23: 57-76. |
|
Article
|
W. R. Graves
|
W. R. Graves. 1991. Growth and iron content of three legume tree species at high root-zone temperature. Journal of Arboriculture 17: 313-317. |
|
Book Section
|
A. T. P. Bennie
|
A. T. P. Bennie. 1996. Growth and mechanical impedance. Plant Roots: The Hidden Half, second edition 453-470. ed. Y. Waisel and A. Eshel and U. Kafkafi, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY. |
|
Article
|
R. K. Misra and A. K. Gibbons
|
R. K. Misra and A. K. Gibbons. 1996. Growth and morphology of eucalypt seedling-roots, in relation to soil strength arising from compaction. Plant Soil 182: 1-11. |
|
Article
|
S. L. Warren
|
S. L. Warren. 1993. Growth and nutrient concentration in flowering dogwood after nitrogen fertilization and dormant root pruning. Journal of Arboriculture 19: 57-63. |
|
Article
|
D. K. Struve and P. Sternberg and N. Drunasky and K. Bresko and R. Gonzalez
|
D. K. Struve and P. Sternberg and N. Drunasky and K. Bresko and R. Gonzalez. 2006. Growth and water use characteristics of six eastern North American oak (Quercus) species and the implications for urban forestry. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32: 202-213. |
|
Report
|
R. L. Daddow and G. E. Warrington
|
R. L. Daddow and G. E. Warrington. 1983. Growth limiting soil bulk densities as influenced by soil texture. US Forest Service, Watershed Systems Development Group Report 17. |
|
Article
|
C. A. Martin and J. C. Stutz
|
C. A. Martin and J. C. Stutz. 1994. Growth of Argentine mesquite inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Arboriculture 20: 134-139. |
|
Article
|
I. Solfjeld and P. A. Pedersen
|
I. Solfjeld and P. A. Pedersen. 2006. Growth of Betula pendula Roth. the first season after transplanting at two phenological stages. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 5: 101-106. |
|
Article
|
W. R. Graves and L. C. Wilkins
|
W. R. Graves and L. C. Wilkins. 1991. Growth of honey locust seedlings during high root-zone temperature and osmotic stress. HortScience 26: 1312-1315. |
|
Article
|
O. Buhler and P. Kristoffersen and S. U. Larsen
|
O. Buhler and P. Kristoffersen and S. U. Larsen. 2007. Growth of street trees in Copenhagen with emphasis on the effect of different establishment concepts. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33: 330-337. |
|
Conference
|
G. Chiapperini and J. R. Donnelly
|
G. Chiapperini and J. R. Donnelly. 1978. Growth of sugar maple seedlings in compacted soil. Proceedings of the Fifth North American Forest Biology Workshop 196-197. ed. C. A. Hollis and A. E. Squillace, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville and The Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service. |
|
Article
|
H. A. Froehlich and D. W. R. Miles and R. W. Robbins
|
H. A. Froehlich and D. W. R. Miles and R. W. Robbins. 1986. Growth of young Pinus ponderosa and Pinus contorta on compacted soil in central Washington. Forest Ecology Management 15: 285-291. |
|
Article
|
H. Lyr and G. Hoffmann
|
H. Lyr and G. Hoffmann. 1967. Growth rates and growth periodicity of tree roots. International Review of Forestry Research 2: 181-236. |
|
Article
|
M. R. Halter and C. P. Chanway and G. J. Harper
|
M. R. Halter and C. P. Chanway and G. J. Harper. 1993. Growth reduction and root deformation of containerized lodgepole pine saplings 11 years after planting. Forest Ecology and Management 56: 131-146. |
|
Article
|
I. Wasterlund
|
I. Wasterlund. 1983. Growth reduction of trees near strip roads resulting from soil compaction and damaged roots. - a literature survey. Sveriges skogsvardsforbunds tidskrift 81: 97-109. |
|
Article
|
T. J. Tworkoski and M. E. Engle and P. T. Kujawski
|
T. J. Tworkoski and M. E. Engle and P. T. Kujawski. 1996. Growth regulatory effects and soil concentration of controlled-release Trifluralin applied to roots of yellow poplar and red oak. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121: 461-465. |
|
Article
|
F. C. W. Loh and J. C. Grabosky and N. L. Bassuk
|
F. C. W. Loh and J. C. Grabosky and N. L. Bassuk. 2003. Growth response of Ficus benjamina to limited soil volume and soil dilution in a skeletal soil container study. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2: 53-62. |
|
Article
|
M. Fournier and P. A. Bordonné and D. Guitard and T. Okuyama
|
M. Fournier and P. A. Bordonné and D. Guitard and T. Okuyama. 1990. Growth stress patterns in tree stems. Wood Science and Technology 24: 131-142. |
|
Book
|
R. R. Archer
|
R. R. Archer. 1987. Growth stresses and strains in trees. 250. Springer Verlag . |
|
Article
|
S. Jose and S. Merritt and C. L. Ramsey
|
S. Jose and S. Merritt and C. L. Ramsey. 2003. Growth, nutrition, photosynthesis and transpiration responses of longleaf pine seedlings to light, water, and nitrogen. Forest Ecology Management 180: 335-344. |
|
Article
|
S. D. Day and J. R. Harris
|
S. D. Day and J. R. Harris. 2008. Growth, survival, and root system morphology of deeply planted Corylus colurna 7 years after transplanting and the effects of root collar excavation. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 7: 119-128. |
|
Article
|
M. R. Ismail and K. M. Noor
|
M. R. Ismail and K. M. Noor. 1996. Growth, water relations and physiological processes of starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L) plants under root growth restriction. Scientia Horticulturae 66: 51-58. |
|
Article
|
B. G. Crane
|
B. G. Crane. 1989. Guide to tree inspection. Arboricultural Journal 13: 17-24. |
|
Report
|
National and Joint and Utilities and Group
|
National and Joint and Utilities and Group. 1995. Guidelines for the Planning, Installation and Maintenance of Utility Services in Proximity to Trees. Guidelines for the planning, installation and maintenance of utility services in proximity to trees 12. |
|
Conference
|
K. K. Abdollahi and Zhua Hua Ning and Daniel Collins and Fulbert Namwamba and Asebe Negatu
|
K. K. Abdollahi and Zhua Hua Ning and Daniel Collins and Fulbert Namwamba and Asebe Negatu. 2007. Gulf coastal urban forest hazard assessment and remote sensing efforts after hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Seventh Symposium on the Urban Environment. |
|
Book
|
L. Wessolly and M. Erb
|
L. Wessolly and M. Erb. 1998. Handbuch der Baumstatik und Baumkontrolle (Manual of tree statics and tree control). 270: Patzer-Verlag. |
|
Book
|
C. Mattheck and H. Breloer
|
C. Mattheck and H. Breloer. 1993. Handbuch der Schadenskunde von Bäumen - der Baumbruch in Mechanik und Rechtsprechung. Rombach Verlag. |
|
Article
|
D. Janz and A. Polle
|
D. Janz and A. Polle. 2012. Harnessing salt for woody biomass production. Tree Physiology 32: 1-3. |
|
Webpage
|
|
Hazard Tree - A Bibliography of Hazard Trees and Tree Management in Recreation Areas. |
|
Article
|
Julian Dunster
|
Julian Dunster. 1996. Hazard tree assessments: developing a species profile for western hemlock . Journal of Arboriculture 22: 51-57. |
|
Book Section
|
E. Smiley and Bruce Fraedrich and Peter Fengler
|
E. Smiley and Bruce Fraedrich and Peter Fengler. 2007. Hazard Tree Inspection, Evaluation, and Management. Urban and Community Forestry in the Northeast. 277-294. ed. ed. John E. Kuser, |
|
Article
|
Michael J. Mortimer and Brian Kane
|
Michael J. Mortimer and Brian Kane. 2004. Hazard tree liability in the United States: Uncertain risks for owners and professionals. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2: 159-165. |
|
Webpage
|
Jim Worrall
|
Jim Worrall. 2007. Hazard tree management. Forest Health Management, Rocky Mountain Region, USDA Forest Service |
|
Conference
|
P. Gaidula
|
P. Gaidula. 1976. Hazard trees in parks and campgrounds. Proceedings of the 24th Western International Forest Disease Work Conference. 20-23. |
|
Book
|
E. T. Smiley
|
E. T. Smiley. 1990. Hazardous tree evaluation and management. 37. Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory. |
|
Report
|
David Lonsdale
|
David Lonsdale. 2000. Hazards from trees - a general guide. 28. |
|
Report
|
D. Lonsdale
|
D. Lonsdale. 2000. Hazards from trees: a general guide. 28. |
|
Article
|
G. M. Filip and D. J. Goheen
|
G. M. Filip and D. J. Goheen. 1982. Hazards of root disease in Pacific Northwest recreation sites. Journal of Forestry 72: 163-164. |
|
Article
|
A. L. Shigo and W. E. Hillis
|
A. L. Shigo and W. E. Hillis. 1973. Heartwood, Discolored Wood, and Microorganisms in Living Trees. Annual Review of Phytopathology 11: 197-222. |
|
Article
|
A. E. Carey and J. A. Gowan and T. J. Forenanol and H. Tai and G. B. Wiersma
|
A. E. Carey and J. A. Gowan and T. J. Forenanol and H. Tai and G. B. Wiersma. 1980. Heavy metal concentrations in soils of five United States cities, 1972 urban soils monitoring program. Pesticides Monitoring Journal 13: 150-154. |
|
Article
|
P. M. Rich and K. Helenurm and D. Kearns and S. R. Morse and M. W. Palmer and L. Short
|
P. M. Rich and K. Helenurm and D. Kearns and S. R. Morse and M. W. Palmer and L. Short. 1986. Height and stem diameter relationships for dicotyledonous trees and arborescent palms of Costa Rican tropical wet forest. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 113: 241-246. |
|
Article
|
J. W. Groninger and S. M. Zedaker and J. R. Seiler
|
J. W. Groninger and S. M. Zedaker and J. R. Seiler. 1997. Herbicides to control tree roots in sewer lines. Journal of Arboriculture 23: 169-180. |
|
Article
|
W. R. Graves and A. S. Aiello
|
W. R. Graves and A. S. Aiello. 1997. High root-zone temperature causes similar changes in water relations and growth of silver maples from 33 degrees and 44 degrees N latitude. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122: 195-199. |
|
Article
|
F. Weller
|
F. Weller. 1966. Horizontal distribution of absorbing roots and the utilization of fertilizers in apple orchards (In German). Erwobstbsobstbau 8: 181-184. |
|
Article
|
L. J. Clark and W. R. Whalley and P. B. Barraclough
|
L. J. Clark and W. R. Whalley and P. B. Barraclough. 2003. How do roots penetrate strong soil? . Plant and Soil 255: 93-104. |
|
Article
|
Lothar Wessolly
|
Lothar Wessolly. 1996. How hollow may a tree be?. Neue Landschaft 11: 847-850. |
|
Article
|
A. L. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo. 1984. How to assess the defect status of a stand. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 1: 41-49. |
|
Report
|
J. Albers and E. Hayes
|
J. Albers and E. Hayes. 1993. How to detect, assess, and correct hazard trees in recreational areas. |
|
Article
|
Gaelle Jaouen and Tancrede Almeras and Catherine Coutand and Meriem Fournier
|
Gaelle Jaouen and Tancrede Almeras and Catherine Coutand and Meriem Fournier. 2007. How to determine sapling buckling risk with only a few measurements. American Journal of Botany 94: 1583-1593. |
|
Book
|
Patrick J. Barry and Coleman Doggett and Robert L. Anderson and Kenneth M. Swain
|
Patrick J. Barry and Coleman Doggett and Robert L. Anderson and Kenneth M. Swain. 1993. How to evaluate and manage storm-damaged forest areas. 11. USDA For. Serv., , Southern Region. |
|
Article
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge and W. Albrecth
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge and W. Albrecth. 1997. How to read the results of resistograph M. Arboricultural Journal 21: 331-346. |
|
Article
|
J. Fazio
|
J. Fazio. 1989. How to recognize and prevent hazard trees. Tree City USA Bulletin |
|
Report
|
Kathryn Robbins
|
Kathryn Robbins. 1986. How to Recognize and Reduce Tree Hazards in Recreation Sites. 28. |
|
Report
|
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, and USDA Forest Service
|
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, and USDA Forest Service. 1996. How to recognize hazardous defects in trees. 20. |
|
Article
|
A. L. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo. 1985. How tree branches are attached to trunks.. Canadian J. Botany 63: 1391-1401. |
|
Article
|
W. R. Chaney
|
W. R. Chaney. 2001. How wind effects trees. Woodland Steward 10: 1-8. |
|
Book
|
E. R. Ingham and A. R. Moldenke and C. A. Edwards
|
E. R. Ingham and A. R. Moldenke and C. A. Edwards. 2000. http://soils.usda.gov/sgi/concepts/soil_biology/biology.html. Soil Biology Primer Revised Edition 48. ed. A. J. Tugel and A. M. Lewandowski and D. Happe-vonArb, Soil and Water Conservation Society, Ankeny, IA. |
|
Article
|
M. Kelting and J. R. Harris and J. Fanelli and B. Appleton
|
M. Kelting and J. R. Harris and J. Fanelli and B. Appleton. 1998. Humate-based biostimulants affect early post-transplant root growth and sapflow of balled and burlapped red maple. HortScience 33: 342-344. |
|
Article
|
M. Kelting and J. R. Harris and J. Fanelli and B. Appleton and A. Niemiera
|
M. Kelting and J. R. Harris and J. Fanelli and B. Appleton and A. Niemiera. 1997. Humate-based biostimulants do not consistently increase growth of container-grown Turkish hazelnut. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 15: 197-199. |
|
Article
|
W. G. Peacock and S. D. Brody and W. Highfield
|
W. G. Peacock and S. D. Brody and W. Highfield. 2005. Hurricane risk perceptions among Florida's sing family homeowners. Landscape and Urban Planning 73: 120-135. |
|
Article
|
Mary L. Duryea and Eliana Kampf and Ramon C. Littel and Carlos D. Rodriguez-Pedraza
|
Mary L. Duryea and Eliana Kampf and Ramon C. Littel and Carlos D. Rodriguez-Pedraza. 2007. Hurricanes and the urban forest: II effects on tropical and subtropical tree species . Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33: 98-112. |
|
Report
|
Kim D. Coder
|
Kim D. Coder. 1999. Hurricanes, trees, & forests: a selected bibliography. 8. |
|
Article
|
V. Arbona and D. J. Iglesias and J. Jacas and E. Primo-Millo and M. Talon and A. Gomez-Cadenas
|
V. Arbona and D. J. Iglesias and J. Jacas and E. Primo-Millo and M. Talon and A. Gomez-Cadenas. 2005. Hydrogel substrate amendment alleviates drought effects on young citrus plants. Plant and Soil 270: 73-82. Springer. |
|
Article
|
C. M. Prager and G. P. Lumis
|
C. M. Prager and G. P. Lumis. 1983. IBA and some IBA-synergist increases of root regeneration of landscape-sized trees. Journal of Arboriculture 9: 117-123. |
|
Article
|
T. K. Broschat and H. Donselman
|
T. K. Broschat and H. Donselman. 1990. IBA, plant maturity, and regeneration of palm root systems. HortScience 25: 232. |
|
Article
|
Richard J. Hauer and Weishen Wang and Jeffrey O. Dawson
|
Richard J. Hauer and Weishen Wang and Jeffrey O. Dawson. 1993. Ice storm damage to urban trees. Journal of Arboriculture 19: 184-194. |
|
Article
|
D. N. Appel
|
D. N. Appel. 1994. Identification and control of oak wilt in Texas urban forests. Journal of Arboriculture 20: 250-258. |
|
Article
|
G. Vollbrecht and E. Agestam
|
G. Vollbrecht and E. Agestam. 1995. Identifying butt rotted Norway spruce trees from external signs. Forest and Landscape Research (Denmark) 1: 241-254. |
|
Article
|
L. H. Stolzy and J. Letey
|
L. H. Stolzy and J. Letey. 1964. III. Correlation of plant response to soil oxygen diffusion rates. Hilgardia 35: 567-576. |
|
Article
|
David J. Ball
|
David J. Ball. 2007. I'll manage risk my way. Arboricultural Journal 30: 121-125. |
|
Article
|
D. A. Laird and P. Fleming and D. D. Davis and R. Horton and B. Wang and D. L. Karlen
|
D. A. Laird and P. Fleming and D. D. Davis and R. Horton and B. Wang and D. L. Karlen. 2010. Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma 158: 443-449. |
|
Article
|
A. J. R. Guttay
|
A. J. R. Guttay. 1976. Impact of deicing salts upon the endomycorrhizae of roadside sugar maples. Soil Science Society of America Journal 40: 952-954. |
|
Article
|
Sylvain Dupont and Yves Brunet
|
Sylvain Dupont and Yves Brunet. 2008. Impact of forest edge shape on tree stability: a large-eddy simulation study. Forestry |
|
Article
|
L. Chalker-Scott
|
L. Chalker-Scott. 2007. Impact of mulches on landscape plants and the environment - A review. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 4: 239-249. |
|
Article
|
T. Martinez-Trinidad and W. T. Watson and R. K. Book
|
T. Martinez-Trinidad and W. T. Watson and R. K. Book. 2011. Impact of paclobutrazol on root-pruned live oak. HortTechnology 21: 46-50. |
|
Article
|
S. M. Sisinni and W. C. Zipperer and A. G. Pleninger
|
S. M. Sisinni and W. C. Zipperer and A. G. Pleninger. 1995. Impacts from a major ice storm: street-tree damage in Rochester, New York. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 156-167. |
|
Article
|
C. Y. Jim
|
C. Y. Jim. 1998. Impacts of intensive urbanization on trees in Hong Kong. Environmental Conservation 25: 146-159. |
|
Article
|
B. Viswanathan and A. Volder and W. T. Watson and J. A. Aitkenhead-Peterson
|
B. Viswanathan and A. Volder and W. T. Watson and J. A. Aitkenhead-Peterson. 2011. Impervious and pervious pavements increase soil CO2 concentrations and reduce root production of American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua). Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 10: 133-139. |
|
Report
|
S. J. Hodge
|
S. J. Hodge. 1991. Improving the growth of established amenity trees: site physical conditions. Arboriculture Research Note 4. Department of the Environment, UK. |
|
Article
|
Claus Matteck and K. Bethge
|
Claus Matteck and K. Bethge. 1992. Impulshammer zum Auffinden von Faulstellen in Baumen. Deutscher Gartenbau 44: 2683-2685. |
|
Article
|
D. D. Hook and C. L. Brown and P. P. Kormanik
|
D. D. Hook and C. L. Brown and P. P. Kormanik. 1971. Inductive flood tolerance in Swamp Tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica vat. Biflora (Walt.) Sarg.). Journal of Experimental Botany 22: 78-89. |
|
Article
|
D. R. Redmond
|
D. R. Redmond. 1957. Infection courts of butt-rotting fungi in balsam fir. Forest Science 3: 15-21. |
|
Book Section
|
W. Kersten
|
W. Kersten. 2001. Infektionsgefahr durch den Einsatz invasiver Diagnosegeräte am
lebenden Baum (Risk of infection by the employment of invasiver diagnostic equipment in the living tree). Jahrbuch der Baumpflege (Yearbook of tree care). 194-202. ed. ed. A. Wohler and D. Dujesiefken, Thalacker, Braunschwieg. |
|
Article
|
S. Barnes and G. C. Percival
|
S. Barnes and G. C. Percival. 2006. Influence of biostimulants and water-retaining polymer root dips on survival and growth of newly transplanted bare-rooted silver birch and rowan. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 24: 173-179. |
|
Article
|
S. L. Warren and F. A. Blazich
|
S. L. Warren and F. A. Blazich. 1991. Influence of container design on root circling, top growth, and post-transplant root growth of selected landscape species. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 9: 141-144. |
|
Article
|
T. L. Wong and R. W. Harris and R. E. Fissell
|
T. L. Wong and R. W. Harris and R. E. Fissell. 1971. Influence of high soil temperatures on five woody-plant species . Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 96: 80-82. |
|
Article
|
T. Montague and C. McKenney and M. Maurer and B. Winn
|
T. Montague and C. McKenney and M. Maurer and B. Winn. 2007. Influence of irrigation volume and mulch on establishment of select shrub species. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33: 202-209. |
|
Article
|
M. Litzow and H. Pellett
|
M. Litzow and H. Pellett. 1983. Influence of mulch materials on growth of green ash. Journal of Arboriculture 9: 7-11. |
|
Article
|
T. H. Yeager and R. D. Wright
|
T. H. Yeager and R. D. Wright. 1981. Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus on shoot root ratio of Ilex crenata Thunb. 'Helleri'. HortScience 16: 564-565. |
|
Article
|
T. B. Randrup and K. Dralle
|
T. B. Randrup and K. Dralle. 1997. Influence of planning and design on soil compaction in construction sites. Landscape and Urban Planning 38: 87-92. |
|
Article
|
S. P. Dubik and D. T. Krizek and D. P. Stimart
|
S. P. Dubik and D. T. Krizek and D. P. Stimart. 1990. Influence of root zone restriction on mineral element concentration, water potential, chlorophyll concentration, and partitioning of assimilate in spreading Euonymus (E. kiautschovica Loes. 'Sieboldiana'). Journal Plant of Nutrition 13: 677-699. |
|
Article
|
W. R. Graves and M. N. Dana and R. J. Joly
|
W. R. Graves and M. N. Dana and R. J. Joly. 1989. Influence of root-zone temperature on growth of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 7: 79-82. |
|
Article
|
K. Weltecke and T. Gaertig
|
K. Weltecke and T. Gaertig. 2012. Influence of soil aeration on rooting and growth of the Beuys-trees in Kassel, Germany. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 11: 329-338. |
|
Article
|
D. V. Waddington and J. H. Baker
|
D. V. Waddington and J. H. Baker. 1965. Influence of soil aeration on the growth and chemical composition of three grass species. Agronomy Journal 57: 253-258. |
|
Article
|
L. E. Gray and R. A. Pope
|
L. E. Gray and R. A. Pope. 1986. Influence of soil compaction on soybean stand, yield and Phytophthora root rot incidence. Agronomy Journal 78: 189-191. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman and I. A. Leone and F. B. Flower
|
E. F. Gilman and I. A. Leone and F. B. Flower. 1982. Influence of soil gas contamination on tree root growth. Plant and Soil 65: 3-10. |
|
Article
|
H. M. Taylor and E. Burnett
|
H. M. Taylor and E. Burnett. 1964. Influence of soil strength on the root-growth habits of plants. Soil Science 98: 174-180. |
|
Report
|
Peter Crow
|
Peter Crow. 2005. Influence of soils and species on tree root depth. 8. |
|
Article
|
R. O. Teskey and T. M. Hinkley
|
R. O. Teskey and T. M. Hinkley. 1981. Influence of temperature and water potential on root growth of white oak. Physiologia Plantarum 52: 363-369. |
|
Article
|
D. T. Krizek and S. P. Dubik
|
D. T. Krizek and S. P. Dubik. 1987. Influence of water stress and restricted root volume on growth and development of urban trees. Journal of Arboriculture 13: 47-56. |
|
Article
|
E. Tamasi and A. Stokes and B. Lasserre and F. Danjon and S. Berthier and T. Fourcaud and D. Chiatante
|
E. Tamasi and A. Stokes and B. Lasserre and F. Danjon and S. Berthier and T. Fourcaud and D. Chiatante. 2005. Influence of wind loading on root system development and architecture in oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings. Trees 19: 374-384. |
|
Conference
|
E. G. McPherson and P. J. Peper
|
E. G. McPherson and P. J. Peper. 1995. Infrastructure repair costs associated with street trees in 15 cities. Trees and Building Sites 49-63. ed. G. W. Watson and D. Neely, International Society of Arboriculture, Savoy, IL. |
|
Article
|
N. Nadezhdina and J. Cermak
|
N. Nadezhdina and J. Cermak. 2003. Instrumental methods for studies of structure and function of root systems of large trees. Journal of Experimental Botany 54: 1511-1521. |
|
Article
|
Ari Talkkari and Heli Peltola and Seppo Kellomäki and Harri Strandman
|
Ari Talkkari and Heli Peltola and Seppo Kellomäki and Harri Strandman. 2000. Integration of component models from the tree, stand and regional levels to assess the risk of wind damage at forest margins. Forest Ecology and Management 135: 303-313. |
|
Article
|
W. C. Shortle and J. a. Menge and E. B. Cowling
|
W. C. Shortle and J. a. Menge and E. B. Cowling. 1978. Interaction of bacteria, decay fungi, and live sapwood in discoloration and decay of trees. Forest Pathology 8: 293-300. |
|
Article
|
D. F. Cutler
|
D. F. Cutler. 1993. Interactions between tree roots and construction work. Arboricultural Journal 17: 47-55. |
|
Article
|
Hugh A. L. Henry and Sean C. Thomas
|
Hugh A. L. Henry and Sean C. Thomas. 2002. Interactive effects of lateral shade and wind on stem allometry, biomass allocation, and mechanical stability in Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae). American Journal of Botany 89: 1609-1615. |
|
Report
|
A. L. Shigo and E. Allen, Jr. McGinnes and David T. Funk and Nelson Rogers
|
A. L. Shigo and E. Allen, Jr. McGinnes and David T. Funk and Nelson Rogers. 1979. Internal defects associated with pruned and nonpruned branch atubs in black walnut.. 27. |
|
Article
|
Lynne Boddy and A. D. M. Rayner
|
Lynne Boddy and A. D. M. Rayner. 1984. Internal spread of fungi inoculated into attached oak branches. New Phytologist 98: 155-164. |
|
Book
|
E. T. Smiley and James R. Clark
|
E. T. Smiley and James R. Clark. 2006. International Tree Failure Database: User Manual. USDA Forest Service. National Urban and Community Forestry Council. Washington D.C.. |
|
Article
|
Karl J. Niklas
|
Karl J. Niklas. 1994. Interspecific allometries of critical buckling height and actual plant height. American Journal of Botany 81: 1275-1279. |
|
Article
|
Canham C. D and Papaik M. J and Latty E. F
|
Canham C. D and Papaik M. J and Latty E. F. 2001. Interspecific variation in susceptibility to windthrow as a function of tree size and storm severity for northern temperate tree species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31: 1-10. |
|
Article
|
C. A. Wells and D. Whigham and H. Lieuth
|
C. A. Wells and D. Whigham and H. Lieuth. 1972. Investigation of mineral nutrient cycling in an upland Piedmont forest. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Science Society 88: 66-78. |
|
Article
|
T. Martinez-Trinidad and W. T. Watson and M. A. Arnold and L. Lombardini
|
T. Martinez-Trinidad and W. T. Watson and M. A. Arnold and L. Lombardini. 2009. Investigations of exogenous applications of carbohydrates on the growth and vitality of live oaks. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 8: 41-48. |
|
Article
|
H. D. P. Ryan III
|
H. D. P. Ryan III. 1989. IPM and hazard tree liability. Journal of Arboriculture 15: 219-221. |
|
Article
|
P. R. Gajri and S. S. Prihar and H. S. Cheema and A. Kapoor
|
P. R. Gajri and S. S. Prihar and H. S. Cheema and A. Kapoor. 1991. Irrigation and tillage effects on root development, water use and yield of wheat on coarse textured soils. Irrigation Science 12: 161-168. |
|
Article
|
G. H. Neilsen and P. Parchomchuk and R. Berard and D. Neilsen
|
G. H. Neilsen and P. Parchomchuk and R. Berard and D. Neilsen. 1997. Irrigation frequency and quantity affect root and top growth of fertigated 'McIntosh' apple on M.9, M.26 and M.7 rootstock. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77: 133-139. |
|
Article
|
W. A. Albrecht and K. A. Bethge and C. Mattheck
|
W. A. Albrecht and K. A. Bethge and C. Mattheck. 1995. Is lateral strength in trees controlled by lateral mechanical stress. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 83-87. |
|
Article
|
E. M. Hansen and P. B. Hamm and A. J. Julius and L. F. Roth
|
E. M. Hansen and P. B. Hamm and A. J. Julius and L. F. Roth. 1979. Isolation, incidence and management of Phytopthora in forest tree nurseries in the Pacific Northwest. Plant Disease Reporter 63: 607-611. |
|
Book
|
W. W. Wagener and C. P. S. Forest and R. E. Station
|
W. W. Wagener and C. P. S. Forest and R. E. Station. 1963. Judging hazard from native trees in California recreational areas: a guide for professional foresters. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. |
|
Conference
|
J. S. Hatfield
|
J. S. Hatfield. 1976. Judging potential for failure in western hemlock and Sitka spruce. Proceedings of the 24th Western International Forest Disease Work Conference. 27-30. |
|
Conference
|
B. K. Bakshi
|
B. K. Bakshi. 1964. Known and potential hazards from stem diseases - heart rots. 8. FO-FAO. |
|
Book Section
|
G. Lesnino and Erk Brudi and C. Spieß
|
G. Lesnino and Erk Brudi and C. Spieß. 2000. Kronensicherung mit dem cobra-System - Erfolgskontrolle nach fünf Jahren Einsatzdauer (Crown protection with the Cobra System - control after five years). Jahrbuch der Baumpflege (Yearbook of tree care). 111-118. ed. ed. D. Dujesiefken and P. Kockerbeck, Thalacker Medien, Braunschwieg. |
|
Article
|
Alessandra Catena
|
Alessandra Catena. 1991. La Termografia per la salvaguardia di esemplari arborei monumentali (Thermography for safeguarding exemplary trees). Linea Ecologica 6: 18-20. |
|
Article
|
B. C. Scharenbroch and W. Treasurer and M. Catania and V. Brand
|
B. C. Scharenbroch and W. Treasurer and M. Catania and V. Brand. 2011. Laboratory assays on the effects of aerated compost tea and fertilization on biochemical properties and denitrification in a silt loam and Bt clay loam soils. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37: 269-277. |
|
Article
|
W. D. Hamilton and D. Marling
|
W. D. Hamilton and D. Marling. 1981. Large cavity work and cabling. Journal of Arboriculture 7: 180-182. |
|
Article
|
S. Baum and F. W. M. R. Schwarze
|
S. Baum and F. W. M. R. Schwarze. 2002. Large-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos) has a low ability to compartmentalize decay fungi via reaction zone formation. New Phytologist 154: 481-490. |
|
Article
|
P. P. Kormanik
|
P. P. Kormanik. 1986. Lateral root morphology as an expression of sweetgum seedling quality . Forest Science 32: 595-604. |
|
Report
|
J. L. Ruehle and P. P. Kormanik
|
J. L. Ruehle and P. P. Kormanik. 1986. Lateral root morphology: a potential indicator of seedling quality in northern red oak. USDA Forest Service Southeastern Forest Experiment Station Research Note 6. |
|
Article
|
L. M. Anderson
|
L. M. Anderson. 1988. Legal liability for defective trees in the United States. . Landscape and Urban Planning 15: 173-94. |
|
Article
|
D. Doll
|
D. Doll. 1991. Les ecataclysmes êoliens dans les forêts d'Europe: apercu historique. Forêt Enterprise 77: 8-9. |
|
Article
|
R. M. Robinson and D. J. Morrison
|
R. M. Robinson and D. J. Morrison. 2001. Lesion formation and host response to infection by Armillaria ostoyae in the roots of western larch and douglas-fir. Forest Pathology 31: 371-385. |
|
Article
|
Victor D. Merullo
|
Victor D. Merullo. 1988. Liabilities and duties associated with trees which abut streets and highways. Journal of Arboriculture 14: 129-131. |
|
Article
|
L. M. Anderson and T. A. Eaton
|
L. M. Anderson and T. A. Eaton. 1986. Liability for damage caused by hazardous trees. Journal of Arboriculture 12: 189-195. |
|
Article
|
Y. Hirano and M. Dannoura and K. Aono and T. Igarashi and M. Ishii and K. Yamase and N. Makita and Y. Kanazawa
|
Y. Hirano and M. Dannoura and K. Aono and T. Igarashi and M. Ishii and K. Yamase and N. Makita and Y. Kanazawa. 2009. Limiting factors in the detection of tree roots using ground-penetrating radar. Plant and Soil 319: 15-24. |
|
Article
|
P. S. Blackwell and E. A. Wells
|
P. S. Blackwell and E. A. Wells. 1983. Limiting oxygen flux densities for oat root extension. Plant and Soil 73: 129-139. |
|
Article
|
S. J. Torreano and L. A. Morris
|
S. J. Torreano and L. A. Morris. 1998. Loblolly pine root growth and distribution under water stress. Soil Science Society of America Journal 62: 818-827. |
|
Thesis
|
Erk Brudi
|
Erk Brudi. 2001. Longitudinal prestresses in Tilia cordata and Acer pseudoplatanus. |
|
Report
|
R. D. Harvey and P. F. Hessburg and P. N. Region
|
R. D. Harvey and P. F. Hessburg and P. N. Region. 1992. Long-range planning for developed sites in the Pacific Northwest: The context of hazard tree management. 120. |
|
Article
|
D. J. Morrison and D. B. Redfern
|
D. J. Morrison and D. B. Redfern. 1994. Long-term development of Heterobastion annosum in basidiospore-infected sitka spruce stumps. Plant Pathology 43: 897-906. |
|
Article
|
F. Lemaire and G. David and J. P. Rossignol and L. Beaudet
|
F. Lemaire and G. David and J. P. Rossignol and L. Beaudet. 1999. Loosening of urban soils with a lance-injector. Acta Horticulturae 496: 421-428. |
|
Article
|
P. A. Barker
|
P. A. Barker. 1995. Managed development of tree roots. I. Ultra-deep rootball and root barrier effects on European hackberry. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 202-208. |
|
Article
|
P. A. Barker
|
P. A. Barker. 1995. Managed development of tree roots: II. Ultra-deep rootball and root barrier effects on southwestern black cherry. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 251-259. |
|
Article
|
D. Ridgers and K. Rolf and O. Stal
|
D. Ridgers and K. Rolf and O. Stal. 2006. Management and planning solutions to lack of resistance to root penetration by modern PVC and concrete sewer pipes. Arboricultural Journal 29: 269-270. |
|
Article
|
D. L. Hensley and R. E. McNeil and R. Sundheim
|
D. L. Hensley and R. E. McNeil and R. Sundheim. 1988. Management influences growth of transplanted Magnolia grandiflora. Journal of Arboriculture 14: 204-207. |
|
Article
|
Barry A. Gardiner and Christopher P. Quine
|
Barry A. Gardiner and Christopher P. Quine. 2000. Management of forests to reduce the risk of abiotic damage -- a review with particular reference to the effects of strong winds. Forest Ecology and Management 135: 261-277. |
|
Report
|
Health and Safety Executive
|
Health and Safety Executive. 2007. Management of the risk from fallen trees. 5. |
|
Report
|
Mark Lorenzo
|
Mark Lorenzo. Managing hazardous trees: Vermont danger tree management guidelines. 14. |
|
Article
|
Nelda P. Matheny and James R. Clark
|
Nelda P. Matheny and James R. Clark. 2007. Managing risk in the urban forest. Arborist News 16: 12-17. |
|
Article
|
Nelda P. Matheny and James R. Clark
|
Nelda P. Matheny and James R. Clark. 2007. Managing risk in the urban forest, Part 2: Tree risk assessment. Arborist News 16: 12-16. |
|
Article
|
Nelda P. Matheny and James R. Clark
|
Nelda P. Matheny and James R. Clark. 2007. Managing risk in the urban forest, Part 3: Risk in the urban forest. Arborist News 16: 12-16. |
|
Article
|
Nelda P. Matheny and James R. Clark
|
Nelda P. Matheny and James R. Clark. 2007. Managing risk in the urban forest, Part 4: Tree infrastructure conflicts. Arborist News 16: 12-17. |
|
Article
|
C. Y. Jim
|
C. Y. Jim. 2001. Managing urban trees and their soil envelopes in a contiguously developed city environment. Environmental Management 28: 819-832. |
|
Article
|
C. Y. Jim
|
C. Y. Jim. 2001. Managing urban trees and their soil envelopes in a contiguously developed city environment. Environmental Management 28: 819-832. |
|
Article
|
J. Hruska and J. Cermak and S. Sustek
|
J. Hruska and J. Cermak and S. Sustek. 1999. Mapping of tree root systems by means of the ground-penetrating radar. Tree Physiology 19: 125-130. |
|
Article
|
C. Y. Jim
|
C. Y. Jim. 1993. Massive tree-planting failure due to multiple soil problems. Arboricultural Journal 17: 309-331. |
|
Article
|
Y. Kuroda and K. Katsuya
|
Y. Kuroda and K. Katsuya. 1983. Materials for the diagnosis of buttrot disease of Japanese larch by using a Shigometer (I). Bull. Exp. For. Tsukuba Univ. 1: 17-20. |
|
Article
|
Y. Kuroda and K. Katsuya
|
Y. Kuroda and K. Katsuya. 1988. Materials for the diagnosis of buttrot disease of Japanese larch by using a Shigometer (II). Bull. Exp. For. Tsukuba Univ. 4: 167-171. |
|
Article
|
Mark Rudnicki and U. Silins and V. J. Liefferd and G. Josi
|
Mark Rudnicki and U. Silins and V. J. Liefferd and G. Josi. Measure of simultaneous tree sways and estimation of crown interactions among a group of trees. Trees - Structure and Function 15: 83-90. |
|
Article
|
J. Grabosky and E. Gilman
|
J. Grabosky and E. Gilman. 2004. Measurement and prediction of tree growth reduction from tree planting space design in established parking lots. Journal of Arboriculture 30: 154-164. |
|
Article
|
C.J. Baker
|
C.J. Baker. 1997. Measurements of the natural frequencies of trees. Journal of Experimental Botany 48: 1125-1132. |
|
Article
|
N. Nanami and N. Nakamura and T. Arima and M. Okuma
|
N. Nanami and N. Nakamura and T. Arima and M. Okuma. 1992. Measuring the properties of standing trees with stress waves, 1: The method of measurement and the propagation path of the waves. Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society 38: 739-746. |
|
Article
|
N. Nanami and N. Nakamura and T. Arima and M. Okuma
|
N. Nanami and N. Nakamura and T. Arima and M. Okuma. 1992. Measuring the properties of standing trees with stress waves, 2: Application of the method to standing trees. Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society 38: 747-752. |
|
Article
|
N. Nanami and N. Nakamura and T. Arima and M. Okuma
|
N. Nanami and N. Nakamura and T. Arima and M. Okuma. 1993. Measuring the properties of standing trees with stress waves, 3: Evaluating the properties of standing trees for some forest stands. Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society 39: 903-909. |
|
Report
|
H. G. Halverson and R. P. Zisa
|
H. G. Halverson and R. P. Zisa. 1982. Measuring the response of conifer seedlings to soil compaction stress. USDA Forest Service Research Paper 6. |
|
Article
|
Francois Mergen
|
Francois Mergen. 1954. Mechanical aspects of wind-breakage and windfirmness. Journal of Forestry 52: 119-125. |
|
Thesis
|
J. R. Moore
|
J. R. Moore. 2002. Mechanical behaviour of coniferous trees subjected to wind loading. |
|
Article
|
C. Mattheck and M. Teschner and J. Schäfer
|
C. Mattheck and M. Teschner and J. Schäfer. 1997. Mechanical Control of Root Growth: A Computer Simulation. Journal of Theoretical Biology 184: 261-269. |
|
Article
|
M. A. Arnold
|
M. A. Arnold. 1996. Mechanical correction and chemical avoidance of circling roots differentially affect post-transplant root regeneration and field establishment of container-grown Shumard oak. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121: 258-263. |
|
Article
|
V. M. Blouin and M. G. Schmidt and C. E. Bulmer and M. Krzic
|
V. M. Blouin and M. G. Schmidt and C. E. Bulmer and M. Krzic. 2005. Mechanical disturbance impacts on soil properties and lodgepole pine growth in British Columbia's central interior. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 85: 681-691. |
|
Article
|
A. G. Bengough and C. E. Mullins
|
A. G. Bengough and C. E. Mullins. 1990. Mechanical impedance to root growth: a review of experimental techniques and root growth responses. Journal of Soil Science 41: 341-358. |
|
Article
|
Karl J. Niklas
|
Karl J. Niklas. 1997. Mechanical properties of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) wood. Size- and age-dependent variations in sap- and heartwood. Annals of Botany 79: |
|
Book Section
|
David W. Green and Jerrold E. Winandy and David E. Kretschmann
|
David W. Green and Jerrold E. Winandy and David E. Kretschmann. 1999. Mechanical properties of wood. Wood handbook : wood as an engineering material. 4.1-4.45. USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. |
|
Article
|
H. Balder
|
H. Balder. 1999. Mechanical root injuries - Compartmentalisation, pruning and wound dressing. Acta Horticulturae 496: 239-244. |
|
Article
|
V. G. Smith and M. Watts and D. F. James
|
V. G. Smith and M. Watts and D. F. James. 1987. Mechanical stability of black spruce in the clay belt region of northern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17: 1080-1091. |
|
Article
|
A. J. G. Papesch and J. R. Moore and A. E. Hawke
|
A. J. G. Papesch and J. R. Moore and A. E. Hawke. 1997. Mechanical stability of Pinus radiata trees at Eyrewell Forest investigated using static tests. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 27: 188-204. |
|
Article
|
Heli Peltola and Seppo Kellomäki and Alpo Hassinen and Markku Granander
|
Heli Peltola and Seppo Kellomäki and Alpo Hassinen and Markku Granander. 2000. Mechanical stability of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch: an analysis of tree-pulling experiments in Finland. Forest Ecology and Management 135: 143-153. |
|
Article
|
Kenneth R. James and Nicholas Haritos and Peter K. Ades
|
Kenneth R. James and Nicholas Haritos and Peter K. Ades. 2006. Mechanical stability of trees under dynamic loads. American Journal of Botany 93: 1522-1530. |
|
Article
|
Heli M. Peltola
|
Heli M. Peltola. 2006. Mechanical stability of trees under static loads. American Journal of Botany 93: 1501-1511. |
|
Article
|
Evans and Kahn-Jetter and Torres and Martinez and Tarsia
|
Evans and Kahn-Jetter and Torres and Martinez and Tarsia. 2008. Mechanical stresses of primary branches: a survey of 40 woody tree and shrub species. Trees - Structure and Function 22: 283-289. |
|
Article
|
W. C. Shortle
|
W. C. Shortle. 1979. Mechanisms of compartmentalization of decay in living trees. Phytopathology 69: 1147-1141. |
|
Article
|
F. W. M. R Schwarze and S. Baum
|
F. W. M. R Schwarze and S. Baum. 2000. Mechanisms of reaction zone penetration by decay fungi in wood of beech.. New Phytologist 146: 129-140. |
|
Article
|
H. Lindström and P. Harris and R. Nakada
|
H. Lindström and P. Harris and R. Nakada. 2002. Methods for measuring stiffness of young trees. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 60: 165-174. |
|
Report
|
K. Rolf
|
K. Rolf. 1993. Methods for recultivation of compacted soil in urban areas. Swedish University of Agriculutral Sciences Department of Agricultural Engineering 55. |
|
Article
|
R. K. Kjelgren and J. R. Clark
|
R. K. Kjelgren and J. R. Clark. 1992. Microclimates and tree growth in three urban spaces. Journal of environmental horticulture 10: 139-145. |
|
Book Section
|
M. P. Coutts and J. J. Philipson
|
M. P. Coutts and J. J. Philipson. 1980. Mineral nutrition and tree growth. Mineral Nutrition of Fruit Trees 123-126. ed. D. Atkinson and J. E. Jackson and R. O. Sharpies and W. M. Waller, Butterworths, Madison, WI. |
|
Conference
|
H. A. Froehlich and D. S. McNabb
|
H. A. Froehlich and D. S. McNabb. 1984. Minimizing soil compaction in Pacific Northwest forests. Proceedings of the 6th North American forest soils conference 159-192. ed. E. L. Stone, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. |
|
Article
|
M. Backstrom and S. Karlsson and L. Backman and L. Folkeson and B. Lind
|
M. Backstrom and S. Karlsson and L. Backman and L. Folkeson and B. Lind. 2004. Mobilisation of heavy metals by deicing salts in a roadside environment. Water Research 38: 720-732. |
|
Article
|
Heli Peltola and Marja-Leena Nykänen and Seppo Kellomäki
|
Heli Peltola and Marja-Leena Nykänen and Seppo Kellomäki. 1997. Model computations on the critical combination of snow loading and windspeed for snow damage of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch sp. at stand edge. Forest Ecology and Management 95: 229-241. |
|
Article
|
C. M. P. Vaz and J. M. Manieri and I. C. de Maria and M. Tuller
|
C. M. P. Vaz and J. M. Manieri and I. C. de Maria and M. Tuller. 2011. Modeling and correction of soil penetration resistance for varying soil water content. Geoderma 166: 92-101. |
|
Article
|
R. L. Hedden and T. S. Fredericksen and S. A. Williams
|
R. L. Hedden and T. S. Fredericksen and S. A. Williams. 1995. Modeling the effect of crown shedding and streamlining on the survival of loblolly pine exposed to acute wind. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25: 704-712. |
|
Book Section
|
|
Modeling the failure of trees in high winds. Wind engineering into the 21st century. |
|
Article
|
A. Achim and J.-C. Ruel and B.A. Gardiner and G. Laflamme and S. Meunier
|
A. Achim and J.-C. Ruel and B.A. Gardiner and G. Laflamme and S. Meunier. 2005. Modeling the vulnerability of balsam fir forests to wind damage. Forest Ecology and Management 204: 37-52. |
|
Article
|
Véronique Cucchi and Céline Meredieu and Alexia Stokes and François de Coligny and Juan Suarez and Barry A. Gardiner
|
Véronique Cucchi and Céline Meredieu and Alexia Stokes and François de Coligny and Juan Suarez and Barry A. Gardiner. 2005. Modeling the windthrow risk for simulated forest stands of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Forest Ecology and Management 213: 184-196. |
|
Article
|
E. Valinger and J. Fridman
|
E. Valinger and J. Fridman. 1997. Modelling probability of snow and wind damage in Scots pine stands using tree characteristics. Forest Ecology and Management 97: 215-222. |
|
Article
|
Marja-Leena Päätalo and Heli Peltola and Seppo Kellomäki
|
Marja-Leena Päätalo and Heli Peltola and Seppo Kellomäki. 1999. Modelling the risk of snow damage to forests under short-term snow loading. Forest Ecology and Management 116: 51-70. |
|
Article
|
W. G. Wahlenberg
|
W. G. Wahlenberg. 1929. Modification of western yellow pine root systems by fertilizing the soil at different depths in the nursery. Journal of Agricultural Research 39: 137-146. |
|
Article
|
C. P. Quine and P. D. Bell
|
C. P. Quine and P. D. Bell. 1998. Monitoring of windthrow occurrence and progression in spruce forests in Britain. Forestry 71: 87-97. |
|
Article
|
H. Wilcox
|
H. Wilcox. 1968. Morphological studies of the roots of red pine, Pinus resinosa. I. growth characteristics and patterns of branching. American Journal of Botany 55: 247-254. |
|
Article
|
P. Cherubini and Fritz Hans Schweingruber and Theodor Forster
|
P. Cherubini and Fritz Hans Schweingruber and Theodor Forster. 1997. Morphology and ecological significance of intra-annual radial cracks in living conifers. Trees - Structure and Function 11: 216-222. |
|
Article
|
Mike Ellison
|
Mike Ellison. 2007. Moving the focus from tree defects to rational risk management - a paradigm shift for tree managers. Arboricultural Journal 30: 137-143. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman and J. Grabosky
|
E. F. Gilman and J. Grabosky. 2004. Mulch and planting depth affect live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) establishment. Journal of Arboriculture 30: 311-317. |
|
Article
|
C. R. Carlson
|
C. R. Carlson. 2002. Mulch, part 2: Go wide, not deep. Arborist News 11: 35-40. |
|
Article
|
F. Ferrini and A. Fini and P. Frangi and G. Amoroso
|
F. Ferrini and A. Fini and P. Frangi and G. Amoroso. 2008. Mulching of ornamental trees: effects on growth and physiology. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34: 157-162. |
|
Article
|
E. Erhart and W. Hartl
|
E. Erhart and W. Hartl. 2003. Mulching with compost improves growth of blue spruce in Christmas tree plantations. European Journal of Soil Biology 39: 149-156. |
|
Article
|
Hanns-Christof Spatz and Franka Bruchert and Jochen Pfisterer
|
Hanns-Christof Spatz and Franka Bruchert and Jochen Pfisterer. 2007. Multiple resonance damping or how do trees escape dangerously large oscillations?. American Journal of Botany 94: 1603-1611. |
|
Article
|
S. Timonen and P. Kauppinen
|
S. Timonen and P. Kauppinen. 2008. Mycorrhizal colonisation patterns of Tilia trees in street, nursery and forest habitats in southern Finland. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 7: 265-276. |
|
Article
|
B. Appleton and J. Koci and S. French and M. Lestyan and R. Harris
|
B. Appleton and J. Koci and S. French and M. Lestyan and R. Harris. 2003. Mycorrhizal fungal inoculation of established street trees. Journal of Arboriculture 29: 107-110. |
|
Article
|
D. H. Marx
|
D. H. Marx. 1999. Mycorrhizal management in urban forestry. Acta Horticulturae 496: 439-443. |
|
Article
|
J. S. Nielsen and H. N. Rasmussen
|
J. S. Nielsen and H. N. Rasmussen. 1999. Mycorrhizal status and morphotype diversity in Tilia cordata - a pilot study of nurseries and urban habitats. Acta Horticulturae 496: 451-459. |
|
Report
|
E. A. Ross and L. A. Hardy
|
E. A. Ross and L. A. Hardy. 1997. National Engineering Handbook, Part 652, Irrigation Guide. 754. National Cartography and Geospatial Center, Fortworth TX. |
|
Article
|
Julian Forbes-Laird
|
Julian Forbes-Laird. 2003. National tree fatality database. Arboricultural Newsletter 18. |
|
Article
|
B. F. Graham and F. H. Bormann
|
B. F. Graham and F. H. Bormann. 1966. Natural root grafts. The Botanical Review 32: 255-292. |
|
Article
|
John R. Moore and Douglas A. Maguire
|
John R. Moore and Douglas A. Maguire. 2005. Natural sway frequencies and damping ratios of trees: influence of crown structure. Trees - Structure and Function 19: 363-373. |
|
Conference
|
J. G. Bockheim
|
J. G. Bockheim. 1974. Nature and properties of highly disturbed urban soils, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Paper presented before division S-5, soil science society of America, Chicago, Illinois. |
|
Article
|
Frank Rinn
|
Frank Rinn. 1992. Neuentwickeltes Bohrgerät zur Holzdichtemessung (Newly developed drilling device for measuring wood density). Das Gartenamt 2: 119-121. |
|
Report
|
Kim D. Coder
|
Kim D. Coder. 2000. Neutral plane faults & stem strength. 4. |
|
Article
|
A. D. M. Rayner
|
A. D. M. Rayner. 1993. New avenues for understanding processes of tree decay. Arboricultural Journal 17: 171-189. |
|
Article
|
A. L. Friend and M. R. Eide and T. M. Hinckley
|
A. L. Friend and M. R. Eide and T. M. Hinckley. 1990. Nitrogen stress alters root proliferation in Douglas-fir seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20: 1524-1529. |
|
Article
|
T. Ingestad and A.-B. Lund
|
T. Ingestad and A.-B. Lund. 1979. Nitrogen stress in birch seedlings. I. Growth technique and growth. Physiologia Plantarum 45: 137-148. |
|
Article
|
S. J. Chang and J. R. Olson and P. C. Wang
|
S. J. Chang and J. R. Olson and P. C. Wang. 1989. NMR imaging of internal features in wood. Forest Products Journal 39: 43-49. |
|
Book
|
Voichita Bucur
|
Voichita Bucur. 2003. Nondestructive characterization and imaging of wood. Springer Verlag . |
|
Article
|
Bertil Larsson and Bengt Bengtsson and Mats Gustafsson
|
Bertil Larsson and Bengt Bengtsson and Mats Gustafsson. 2004. Nondestructive detection of decay in living trees. Tree Physiology 24: 853-858. |
|
Book
|
Joakim Axmon and Maria Hansson
|
Joakim Axmon and Maria Hansson. 1999. Nondestructive Detection of Decay in Spruces Using Acoustic Signals: Evaluation of Circumferential Modes. 66. Lund Institute of Technology, University. |
|
Article
|
K. Yamamoto and O. Sulaiman and R. Hashim
|
K. Yamamoto and O. Sulaiman and R. Hashim. 1998. Nondestructive detection of heart rot on Acacia Mangium trees in Malaysia. Forest Products Journal 48: 83-86. |
|
Article
|
V. Schwartz and A. Habermehl and H. W. Ridder
|
V. Schwartz and A. Habermehl and H. W. Ridder. 1989. Non-destructive detection of interior trunk and wound caused decay in living trees by computerized tomography. Forstarchiv 60: 239-245. |
|
Book
|
Xiping Wang and Jan Wiedenbeck and Robert J. Ross and John W. Forsman and Crystal Pilon and Brain K. Brashaw
|
Xiping Wang and Jan Wiedenbeck and Robert J. Ross and John W. Forsman and Crystal Pilon and Brain K. Brashaw. 2005. Nondestructive evaluation of incipient decay in hardwood logs. 11. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. |
|
Conference
|
Xiping Wang and Robert J. Ross and John R. Erickson and John W. Forsman and Michael McClellan and R. James Barbour and Roy F. Pellerin
|
Xiping Wang and Robert J. Ross and John R. Erickson and John W. Forsman and Michael McClellan and R. James Barbour and Roy F. Pellerin. 2000. Nondestructive evaluation of standing trees with stress wave methods. 12th International Symposium on Nondestrutive Testing of Wood. 197-206. |
|
Book
|
R. F. Pellerin and R. J. Ross
|
R. F. Pellerin and R. J. Ross. 2002. Nondestructive evaluation of wood. Forest Products Society. |
|
Article
|
Y. Tomikawa and Y. Iwase and K. Arita and H. Yamada
|
Y. Tomikawa and Y. Iwase and K. Arita and H. Yamada. 1986. Nondestructive inspection of a wooden pole using ultrasonic computed tomography. Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions 33: 354-358. |
|
Article
|
A. Habermehl and H.-W. Ridder
|
A. Habermehl and H.-W. Ridder. 1995. Non-destructive method and apparatus for determination of heart rot in standing stems. Allgemeine-Forstzeitschrift 28: 756-759. |
|
Article
|
Djamel Ouis
|
Djamel Ouis. 2003. Non-destructive techniques for detecting decay in standing trees. Arboricultural Journal 27: 159-178. |
|
Article
|
R. B. Pearce and S. Sumer and S. J. Doran and T. A. Carpenter and L. D. Hall
|
R. B. Pearce and S. Sumer and S. J. Doran and T. A. Carpenter and L. D. Hall. 1994. Non-invasive imaging of fungal colonization and host response in the living sapwood of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) using nuclear magnetic resonance. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathlology 45: 359-384. |
|
Book
|
N. Region
|
N. Region. 2000. Northern region snag management protocol. |
|
Article
|
J. F. Gleason and M. Duryea and R. Rose and M. Atkinson
|
J. F. Gleason and M. Duryea and R. Rose and M. Atkinson. 1990. Nursery and field fertilization of 2 + 0 ponderosa pine seedlings: the effect on morphology, physiology, and field performance. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20: 1766-1772. |
|
Article
|
A. Dag and U. Yermiyahu and A. Ben-Gal and I. Zipori and Y. Kapulnik
|
A. Dag and U. Yermiyahu and A. Ben-Gal and I. Zipori and Y. Kapulnik. 2009. Nursery and post-transplant field response of olive trees to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an arid region. Crop & Pasture Science 60: 427-433. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman and R. C. J. Beeson
|
E. F. Gilman and R. C. J. Beeson. 1996. Nursery production method affects root growth. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 14: 88-91. |
|
Article
|
M. C. Drew and L. R. Saker and T. W. Ashley
|
M. C. Drew and L. R. Saker and T. W. Ashley. 1973. Nutrient supply and the growth of the seminal root system in barley. Journal of Experimental Botany 24: 1189-202. |
|
Article
|
M. C. Drew and L. R. Saker
|
M. C. Drew and L. R. Saker. 1975. Nutrient supply and the growth of the seminal root system in barley: II. Localized, compensatory increases in lateral root growth and rates of nitrate uptake when nitrate supply is restricted to only part of the root system. Journal of Experimental Botany 26: 79-90. |
|
Article
|
T. Ericsson and T. Ingestad
|
T. Ericsson and T. Ingestad. 1988. Nutrition and growth of birch seedlings at varied relative phosphorus addition rates. Physiologia Plantarum 72: 227-235. |
|
Article
|
T. J. Swiecki
|
T. J. Swiecki. 1990. Oak diseases and insects: a delicate balance. Fremontia 18: 58-63. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Hickman and J. Caprille and E. J. Perry
|
G. W. Hickman and J. Caprille and E. J. Perry. 1989. Oak tree hazard evaluation. Journal of Arboriculture 15: 177-184. |
|
Report
|
L. R. Costello and B. W. Hagen and K. S. Jones
|
L. R. Costello and B. W. Hagen and K. S. Jones. 2011. Oaks in the urban landscape: Selection, care and preservation. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3518: 265. |
|
Conference
|
S. Hagner
|
S. Hagner. 1978. Observations on the importance of root development in the planting of containerized tree seedlings. Proceedings of the root form of planted trees symposium 109-113. ed. E. Van Eerden and J. M. Kinghorn, British Columbia Ministry of Forests. |
|
Article
|
M. Terho and J. Hantula and A. M. Hallaksela
|
M. Terho and J. Hantula and A. M. Hallaksela. 2007. Occurrence and decay patterns of common wood-decay fungi in hazardous trees felled in the Helsinki City. Forest Pathology 37: 420-432. |
|
Article
|
T. Randrup
|
T. Randrup. 2000. Occurrence of tree roots in Danish municipal sewer systems. Arboricultural Journal 24: 283-306. |
|
Book Section
|
M. Van Noordwijk and H. M. Widianto and K. Hairiah
|
M. Van Noordwijk and H. M. Widianto and K. Hairiah. 1991. Old tree root channels in acid soils in the humid tropics: Important for crop root penetration, water infiltration and nitrogen management. Plant-Soil Interactions at low pH 423-430. ed. R. J. Wright and V. C. Baligar and R. P. Murrmann, Kluwer Academic, Netherlands. |
|
Thesis
|
Joakim Axmon
|
Joakim Axmon. 2000. On detection of decay in growing Norway spruce via natural frequencies. |
|
Article
|
W. Kühn and J. Handl
|
W. Kühn and J. Handl. 1973. On the detectability of decay in living trees by X-ray diagnose. Holzforschung 27: 173-178. |
|
Article
|
R. R. Archer
|
R. R. Archer. 1987. On the origin of growth stresses in trees. Wood Science and Technology 21: 139-154. |
|
Article
|
J. Lloyd and J. A. Taylor
|
J. Lloyd and J. A. Taylor. 1994. On the temperature dependence of soil respiration. Functional Ecology 8: 315-323. |
|
Article
|
A. R. Langille
|
A. R. Langille. 1976. One season's salt accumulation in soil and trees adjacent to a highway. Hortscience 11: 575-576. |
|
Article
|
A. S. Davis and D. F. Jacobs and K. E. Wightman and Z. K. D. Birge
|
A. S. Davis and D. F. Jacobs and K. E. Wightman and Z. K. D. Birge. 2006. Organic matter added to bareroot nursery beds influences soil properties and morphology of Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Quercus rubra seedlings. New Forests 31: 293-303. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson
|
G. W. Watson. 1988. Organic mulch and grass competition influence tree root development. Journal of Arboriculture 14: 200-203. |
|
Article
|
Lynne Boddy and a. D. M. Rayner
|
Lynne Boddy and a. D. M. Rayner. 1983. Origins of decay in living deciduous trees: the role of moisture content and a re-appraisal of the expanded concept of tree decay. New Phytologist 94: 623-641. |
|
Article
|
W. Moore
|
W. Moore. 1998. Outillage pour la detection des defauts internes des arbres - Resultats de 14 ans d'experience 2 ere partie (Tools for detecting internal defects in trees - Results of 14 years of experiments, part 2). La Foret Prive (The Private Forest) 240: 23-39. |
|
Article
|
W. Moore
|
W. Moore. 1998. Outillage pour la detection des defauts internes des arbres - Resultats de 14 ans d'experience. 1 ere partie (Tools for detecting internal defects in trees - Results of 14 years of experiments). La Foret Prive (The Private Forest) 240: 23-39. |
|
Article
|
S. D. Day and J. R. Seiler and R. Kreh and D. W. Smith
|
S. D. Day and J. R. Seiler and R. Kreh and D. W. Smith. 2001. Overlaying compacted or uncompacted construction fill has no negative impact on white oak and sweetgum growth and physiology. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31: 100-109. |
|
Conference
|
C. E. Carter and B. Rouge
|
C. E. Carter and B. Rouge. 1986. Oxidation reduction due to a high water table. Proceedings international seminar on land drainage ed. J. Saavalainen and P. Vakkilainen, Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland. |
|
Article
|
M. C. Drew
|
M. C. Drew. 1997. Oxygen deficiency and root metabolism: injury and acclimation under hypoxia and anoxia. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 48: 223-250. |
|
Article
|
O. R. Lunt and J. Letey and S. B. Clark
|
O. R. Lunt and J. Letey and S. B. Clark. 1973. Oxygen requirements for root growth in three species of desert shrubs. Ecology 54: 1356-1362. |
|
Article
|
J. L. Tackett and R. W. Pearson
|
J. L. Tackett and R. W. Pearson. 1964. Oxygen requirements of cotton seedling roots for penetration of compacted soil cores. Soil Science Society of America Journal 28: 600-605. |
|
Article
|
A. M. Abou El-Khashab and A. F. El-Sammak and A. A. Elaidy and M. I. Salama and M. Rieger
|
A. M. Abou El-Khashab and A. F. El-Sammak and A. A. Elaidy and M. I. Salama and M. Rieger. 1997. Paclobutrazol reduces some negative effects of salt stress in peach . Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122: 43-46. |
|
Article
|
J. D. Morell
|
J. D. Morell. 1984. Parkway tree augering specifications. Journal of Arboriculture 10: 129-132. |
|
Manuscript
|
Joakim Axmon and Maria Hansson and Leif Sörnmo
|
Joakim Axmon and Maria Hansson and Leif Sörnmo. 2005. Partial modal analysis for health assessment of living trees. 1-8. |
|
Article
|
Ryall K L and Smith S M
|
Ryall K L and Smith S M. 2005. Patterns of damage and mortality in red pine plantations following a major ice storm. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 437-493. |
|
Article
|
R. Edberg and A. Berry and L. R. Costello
|
R. Edberg and A. Berry and L. R. Costello. 1999. Patterns of structural failure in Monterey pine. Journal of Arboriculture 20: 297-304. |
|
Article
|
R. Edberg and A. Berry
|
R. Edberg and A. Berry. 1999. Patterns of structural failures in urban trees: Coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia). Journal of Arboriculture 25: 48-55. |
|
Article
|
S. A. Materechera and A. R. Dexter and A. M. Alston
|
S. A. Materechera and A. R. Dexter and A. M. Alston. 1991. Penetration of very strong soils by seedling roots of different plant species. Plant Soil 135: 31-41. |
|
Article
|
W. Ehlers and U. Kopke and F. Hesse and W. Bohm
|
W. Ehlers and U. Kopke and F. Hesse and W. Bohm. 1983. Penetration resistance and root growth of oats in tilled and untilled loess soil. Soil & Tillage Research 3: 261-275. |
|
Conference
|
F. Rinn and B. Becker and B. Kromer
|
F. Rinn and B. Becker and B. Kromer. 1990. Penetration-resistance measurements: density profiles of conifers and deciduous trees. Proceedings of the International Dendrological Symposium. 274-276. |
|
Article
|
P. E. Wiseman and K. H. Colvin and C. E. Wells
|
P. E. Wiseman and K. H. Colvin and C. E. Wells. 2009. Performance of mycorrhizal products marketed for woody landscape plants. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 27: 41-50. |
|
Report
|
Peter A. Angwin
|
Peter A. Angwin. 1990. Pest conditions and potential hazard trees in Chapman Campground, Chapman Group Camp and Elk Wallow Campground, Sopris Ranger District, White River National Forest.. 38. |
|
Book Section
|
J. R. Sutherland
|
J. R. Sutherland. 1984. Pest Management in Northwest bareroot nurseries. Forest Nursery Manual: Production of Bareroot Seedlings 203-210. ed. M. L. Duryea and T. D. Landis, Martinus Niijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, Netherlands. |
|
Report
|
A. L. Shigo and E. H. Larson
|
A. L. Shigo and E. H. Larson. 1969. Photo guide to the patterns of discoloration and decay in living northern hardwood trees.. |
|
Article
|
C. Y. Jim
|
C. Y. Jim. 1998. Physical and chemical properties of a Hong Kong roadside soil in relation to urban tree growth. Urban Ecosystems 2: 171-181. |
|
Article
|
C. J. Gerard and P. Sexton and G. Shaw
|
C. J. Gerard and P. Sexton and G. Shaw. 1982. Physical factors influencing soil strength and root growth. Agronomy Journal 74: 875-879. |
|
Article
|
A. Gur and B. Bravdo and Y. Mizrahi
|
A. Gur and B. Bravdo and Y. Mizrahi. 1972. Physiological responses of apple trees to supraoptimal root temperatures. Physiologia Plantarum 27: 130-138. |
|
Article
|
E. A. Gilbert and E. T. Smiley
|
E. A. Gilbert and E. T. Smiley. 2004. Picus sonic tomography for the quantification of decay in white oak (Quercus alba) and hickory (Carya spp.). Journal of Arboriculture 30: 5. |
|
Article
|
B. B. Vartapetian and M. B. Jackson
|
B. B. Vartapetian and M. B. Jackson. 1997. Plant adaptations to anaerobic stress. Annals of Botany 79: 3-20. |
|
Article
|
J. Grabosky and E. Haffner and N. Bassuk
|
J. Grabosky and E. Haffner and N. Bassuk. 2009. Plant available moisture in stone-soil media for use under pavement while allowing urban tree root growth. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 35: 271-278. |
|
Article
|
Jennifer Read and Alexia Stokes
|
Jennifer Read and Alexia Stokes. 2006. Plant biomechanics in an ecological context. American Journal of Botany 93: 1546-1565. |
|
Book
|
K. J. Niklas
|
K. J. Niklas. 1992. Plant biomechanics: an engineering approach to plant form and function. University Of Chicago Press. |
|
Article
|
Karl J. Niklas and Hanns-Christof Spatz and Julian Vincent
|
Karl J. Niklas and Hanns-Christof Spatz and Julian Vincent. 2006. Plant biomechanics: an overview and prospectus. American Journal of Botany 93: 1369-1378. |
|
Article
|
K. W. Rickman and J. Letey and L. H. Stolzy
|
K. W. Rickman and J. Letey and L. H. Stolzy. 1966. Plant response to oxygen supply and physical resistance in the root environment. Soil Science Society of America Journal 30: 304-307. |
|
Article
|
R. M. White
|
R. M. White. 1973. Plant tolerance for standing water: An assessment. Cornell Plantations 28: 50-52. |
|
Article
|
T. K. Broschat
|
T. K. Broschat. 1995. Planting depth affects survival, root-growth, and nutrient content of transplanted pygmy date palms . Hortscience 30: 1031-1032. |
|
Article
|
M. A. Arnold and G. V. McDonald and B. D.L.
|
M. A. Arnold and G. V. McDonald and B. D.L.. 2005. Planting depth and mulch thickness affect establishment of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and bougainvillea goldenraintree (Koelreuteria bipinnata). Journal of Arboriculture 31: 163-170. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman and C. Harchick
|
E. F. Gilman and C. Harchick. 2008. Planting depth in containers affects root form and tree quality. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 26: 129-134. |
|
Article
|
C. G. Lyons and K. S. Yoder and R. E. Byers
|
C. G. Lyons and K. S. Yoder and R. E. Byers. 1982. Poor anchorage and growth of spur Red Delicious apple-trees with deep crown roots . Scientia Horticulturae 18: 45-47. |
|
Article
|
R. A. Wright and W. Wein and B. P. Dancik
|
R. A. Wright and W. Wein and B. P. Dancik. 1992. Population differentiation in seedling root size between adjacent stands of jack pine. Forest Science 38: 777-785. |
|
Article
|
D. K. Barrett and D. A. Seaby and I. D. Gourly
|
D. K. Barrett and D. A. Seaby and I. D. Gourly. 1987. Portable compression strength meter; a tool for the detection and quantification of decay in trees. Arboricultural Journal 11: 313-322. |
|
Article
|
L. E. Richardson-Calfee and J. R. Harris and J. K. Fanelli
|
L. E. Richardson-Calfee and J. R. Harris and J. K. Fanelli. 2007. Posttransplant root and shoot growth periodicity of sugar maple. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132: 147-157. |
|
Article
|
S. C. Blessing and M. N. Dana
|
S. C. Blessing and M. N. Dana. 1987. Post-transplant root system expansion in Juniperus chinensis L. as influenced by production system, mechanical root disruption and soil type. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 5: 155-158. |
|
Conference
|
L. J. Kuhns
|
L. J. Kuhns. 1980. Potential benefits of mycorrhizae in the urban environment. Proceedings of the Third Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance 3: 77-82. ed. D. F. Karnosky, |
|
Article
|
C. G. Cogger
|
C. G. Cogger. 2005. Potential compost benefits for restoration of soils disturbed by urban development. Compost Science & Utilization 13: 243-251. |
|
Article
|
Paul Ossenbruggen and Mark Peters and Alex Shigo
|
Paul Ossenbruggen and Mark Peters and Alex Shigo. 1986. Potential failure of a decayed tree under wind loading. Wood and Fiber Science 18: 168-186. |
|
Article
|
Minna Terho and Anna-Maija Hallaksela
|
Minna Terho and Anna-Maija Hallaksela. 2005. Potential hazard characteristics of Tilia, Betula, and Acer trees removed in the Helsinki city area during 2001-2003. Urban Forestry \& Urban Greening 3: 113-120. |
|
Article
|
A. Volder and T. Watson and B. Viswanathan
|
A. Volder and T. Watson and B. Viswanathan. 2009. Potential use of pervious concrete for maintaining existing mature trees during and after urban development. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 8: 249-256. |
|
Article
|
S. J. Hodge and K. Knott
|
S. J. Hodge and K. Knott. 1993. Practical guide to the use of steel rods for the assessment of aeration in urban soils. Journal of Arboriculture 19: 289-294. |
|
Report
|
C. H. Pham and H. G. Halverson and G. M. Heisler
|
C. H. Pham and H. G. Halverson and G. M. Heisler. 1978. Precipitation and Runoff Water Quality from an Urban Parking Lot and Implications for Tree Growth. USDA Forest Service Research Note 6. |
|
Article
|
Kenneth R. James and Brian Kane
|
Kenneth R. James and Brian Kane. Precision digital instruments to measure dynamic wind loads on trees during storms. Agricultural Forest Meteorology |
|
Article
|
D. M. Johnstone and P. K. Ades and G. M. Moore and I. W. Smith
|
D. M. Johnstone and P. K. Ades and G. M. Moore and I. W. Smith. 2007. Predicting wood decay in eucalypts using an expert system and the IML-Resistograph drill. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33: 76. |
|
Article
|
N. S. Blaker and J. D. MacDonald
|
N. S. Blaker and J. D. MacDonald. 1981. Predisposing effects of soil moisture extremes on the susceptibility of Rhododendron to Phytophtora root and crown rot. Phytopathology 71: 831-834. |
|
Article
|
J. Wang and J. D. Hesketh and J. T. Wooley
|
J. Wang and J. D. Hesketh and J. T. Wooley. 1986. Preexisting channels and soybean rooting patterns. Soil Science 141: 432-437. |
|
Article
|
I. C. Cantrell and R. G. Linderman
|
I. C. Cantrell and R. G. Linderman. 2001. Preinoculation of lettuce and onion with VA mycorrhizal fungi reduces deleterious effects of soil salinity. Plant and Soil 233: 269-281. |
|
Article
|
J. Grabosky and N. Bassuk and B. Z. Marranca
|
J. Grabosky and N. Bassuk and B. Z. Marranca. 2002. Preliminary findings from measuring street tree shoot growth in two skeletal soil installations compared to tree lawn plantings. Journal of Arboriculture 28: 106-108. |
|
Article
|
L. P. V. Arachchi
|
L. P. V. Arachchi. 1998. Preliminary requirements to design a suitable drip irrigation system for coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in gravelly soils. Agricultural Water Management 38: 169-180. |
|
Article
|
Barton, I.
|
Barton, I.. 1995. Preliminary results form a sailing pruning trial of Cupressus species. New Zealand Tree Grower 16: 28-29. |
|
Article
|
P. Bronnum
|
P. Bronnum. 2005. Preplanting indicators of survival and growth of desiccated Abies procera bareroot planting stock. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 20: 36-46. |
|
Article
|
C. Y. Jim
|
C. Y. Jim. 1998. Pressure on urban trees in Hong Kong: Pervasive problem and possible amelioration. Arboricultural Journal 22: 37-60. |
|
Manuscript
|
Hazard Tree and Tree Felling (HTTF) Task Group, National Wildfire Coordinating Group (U.S.)
|
Hazard Tree and Tree Felling (HTTF) Task Group, National Wildfire Coordinating Group (U.S.). 2008. Principles of hazard tree risk management. 11. |
|
Article
|
V. I. Stewart and J. Scullion
|
V. I. Stewart and J. Scullion. 1989. Principles of managing man-made soils. Soil Use and Management 5: 109-116. |
|
Book
|
D. Lonsdale
|
D. Lonsdale. 1999. Principles of Tree Hazard Assessment and Management. Stationery Office. |
|
Article
|
P. A. Barker
|
P. A. Barker. 1987. Proactive strategies to mediate tree-root damage to sidewalks. International Plant Propagators' Society 37: 56-61. |
|
Article
|
J. K. Francis and B. R. Parresol and J. M. de Patino
|
J. K. Francis and B. R. Parresol and J. M. de Patino. 1996. Probability of damage to sidewalks and curbs by street trees in the tropics. Journal of Arboriculture 22: 193-197. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman and R. C. J. Beeson
|
E. F. Gilman and R. C. J. Beeson. 1996. Production method affects tree establishment in the landscape. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 14: 81-87. |
|
Article
|
Peter Sterken
|
Peter Sterken. 2006. Prognosis of the development of decay and the fracture-safety of hollow trees. Arboricultural Journal 29: 245-267. |
|
Article
|
T. D. Davis and N. Sankhla and R. H. Walser and A. Upadhyaya
|
T. D. Davis and N. Sankhla and R. H. Walser and A. Upadhyaya. 1985. Promotion of adventitious root formation on cuttings by paclobutrazol. HortScience 20: 883-885. |
|
Article
|
J. W. Andresen and T. Bartlett and L. L. Burban
|
J. W. Andresen and T. Bartlett and L. L. Burban. 1993. Protect your urban forest from wind damage: Operation Tornado ReLeaf. Arboricultural Journal 17: 227-286. |
|
Article
|
Peter Sterken and Kim D. Coder
|
Peter Sterken and Kim D. Coder. 2005. Protocol for tree-stability assessments in Southern Europe. Arborist News |
|
Article
|
Edward F. Gilman and Forrest Masters and Jason Grabosky
|
Edward F. Gilman and Forrest Masters and Jason Grabosky. 2008. Pruning affects tree movement in hurricane force wind . Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34: 20-28. |
|
Article
|
I. Peter and J. Lehmann
|
I. Peter and J. Lehmann. 2000. Pruning effects on root distribution and nutrient dynamics in an acacia hedgerow planting in northern Kenya. Agroforestry Systems 50: 59-75. |
|
Article
|
M. J. Ellison
|
M. J. Ellison. 2005. Quantified tree risk assessment used in the management of amenity trees.. Journal of Arboriculture 31: 57-65. |
|
Article
|
L. H. May and F. H. Chapman and D. Aspinall
|
L. H. May and F. H. Chapman and D. Aspinall. 1964. Quantitative studies of root development. I. The influence of nutrient concentration. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 18: 25-35. |
|
Report
|
Butin, H. and Shigo, A.
|
Butin, H. and Shigo, A.. 1981. Radial shakes and "frost cracks" in living oak trees. 21. |
|
Article
|
Wallace E. Eslyn
|
Wallace E. Eslyn. 1959. Radiographical determination of decay in living trees by means of the thulium x-ray unit. Forest Science 5: 37-47. |
|
Article
|
F. Isik and B. Li
|
F. Isik and B. Li. 2003. Rapid assessment of wood density of live trees using the Resistograph for selection in tree improvement programs. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33: 2426-2435. |
|
Article
|
FWMR Schwarze and S. Fink
|
FWMR Schwarze and S. Fink. 1997. Reaction zone penetration and prolonged persistence of xylem rays in London plane wood degraded by the basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus. Mycological Research 101: 1207-1214. |
|
Article
|
R. B. Pearce
|
R. B. Pearce. 1991. Reaction zone relics and the dynamics of fungal spread in the xylem of woody angiosperms. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathlology 39: 41-55. |
|
Book Section
|
D. A. Seaby
|
D. A. Seaby. 1990. Recent advances in detection of wood decay. Research for Practical Arboriculture. 168-176. ed. ed. S. J. Hodge, HSMO. |
|
Article
|
P. Lindsey and N. Bassuk
|
P. Lindsey and N. Bassuk. 1992. Redesigning the urban forest from the ground below: a new approach to specifying adequate soil volumes for street trees. Arboricultural Journal 16: 25-39. |
|
Article
|
F. Callebaut and D. Gabriels and W. Minjauw and M. De Boodt
|
F. Callebaut and D. Gabriels and W. Minjauw and M. De Boodt. 1982. Redox potential, oxygen diffusion rate, and soil gas composition in relation to water table level in two soils. Soil Science 134: 149-156. |
|
Article
|
E. L. Yingling and C. A. Keeley and S. Little and G. Brutis, Jr.
|
E. L. Yingling and C. A. Keeley and S. Little and G. Brutis, Jr.. 1979. Reducing damage to shade and woodland trees from construction activities. Journal of Arboriculture 5: 97-104. |
|
Article
|
J. A. Wagar
|
J. A. Wagar. 1985. Reducing surface rooting of trees with control planters and wells. Journal of Arboriculture 11: 165-171. |
|
Article
|
E. B. Himelick and G. W. Watson
|
E. B. Himelick and G. W. Watson. 1990. Reduction of oak chlorosis with wood chip mulch treatments. Journal of Arboriculture 16: 275-278. |
|
Article
|
W. J. Evans
|
W. J. Evans. 1981. Reduction of public tree liabilities. Journal of Arboriculture 7: 218-221. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson and S. Clark
|
G. W. Watson and S. Clark. 1993. Regeneration of girdling roots after removal. Journal of Arboriculture 19: 278-280. |
|
Article
|
H. Wilcox
|
H. Wilcox. 1955. Regeneration of injured root systems in noble fir. Botanical Gazette 116: 221-234. |
|
Article
|
T. K. Broschat and H. Donselman
|
T. K. Broschat and H. Donselman. 1990. Regeneration of severed roots in Washingtonia robusta and Phoenix reclinata. Principes 34: 96-97. |
|
Article
|
T. K. Broschat and H. M. Donselman
|
T. K. Broschat and H. M. Donselman. 1984. Regrowth of severed palm roots . Journal of Arboriculture 10: 238-240. |
|
Article
|
John K. Francis and A. J. R Gillespie
|
John K. Francis and A. J. R Gillespie. 1993. Relating gust speed to tree damage in hurricane Hugo. Journal of Arboriculture 19: 368. |
|
Conference
|
M. Bilan
|
M. Bilan. 1974. Relationship between needle moisture and root growth in loblolly pine seedlings. International Symposium on the Ecology and Physiology of Root Growth 219-222. ed. G. Hoffman, Akademie-Verlag,Berlin. |
|
Article
|
E. I. Newman
|
E. I. Newman. 1966. Relationship between root growth of flax (Linum usitatissimum) and soil water potential. New Phytologist 65: 273-283. |
|
Book Section
|
J. Letey
|
J. Letey. 1985. Relationship between soil physical properties and crop production. Advances in Soil Science 277-294. ed. B. A. Stewart, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY. |
|
Article
|
B. H. Ownley and D. M. Benson
|
B. H. Ownley and D. M. Benson. 1991. Relationship of matric water potential and air-filled porosity of container media to development of Phytophthora root rot of rhododendron. Phytopathology 81: 936-941. |
|
Article
|
F. E. Hutchinson and B. E. Olson
|
F. E. Hutchinson and B. E. Olson. 1967. Relationship of road salt applications to sodium and chloride ion levels in the soil bordering major highways. Highway Resource Record 193: 1-7. |
|
Article
|
D. M. Benson
|
D. M. Benson. 1986. Relationship of soil temperature and moisture to development of Phytophthora root rot of azalea. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 4: 112-115. |
|
Article
|
T. J. Swiecki and E. Bernhardt and C. Drake and L. R. Costello
|
T. J. Swiecki and E. Bernhardt and C. Drake and L. R. Costello. 2005. Relationships between Phytophthora ramorum canker (sudden oak death) and failure potential in coast live oak. Proceedings of the 2nd Sudden Oak Death Scientific Symposium |
|
Article
|
G. T. Herrick
|
G. T. Herrick. 1988. Relationships between soil salinity, sap-sugar concentration, and health of declining roadside sugar maples (Acer saccharum). Ohio Journal of Science 88: 192-194. |
|
Report
|
R. A. Cuthbert and W. N. Cannon Jr. and J. W. Peacock
|
R. A. Cuthbert and W. N. Cannon Jr. and J. W. Peacock. 1975. Relative Importance of Root Grafts and Bark Beetles to the Spread of Dutch Elm Disease. USDA Forest Service Research Paper 4. |
|
Article
|
S. H. Dreistadt and D. L. Dahlsten
|
S. H. Dreistadt and D. L. Dahlsten. 1986. Replacing a problem prone street tree saves money; a case study of the tuliptree in Berkeley, California. Journal of Arboriculture 12: 146-149. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson and P. Kelsey and K. Woodtli
|
G. W. Watson and P. Kelsey and K. Woodtli. 1996. Replacing soil in the root zone of mature trees for better growth. Journal of Arboriculture 22: 167-172. |
|
Document
|
California Dept. of Parks and Recreation
|
California Dept. of Parks and Recreation. 1991. Report of tree failure records 1970-1990. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Section, Resource Protection Division. |
|
Conference
|
J. Kopinga
|
J. Kopinga. 1985. Research on street tree planting practices in the Netherlands. Proceedings of the Fifth Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance 5: 72-84. ed. L. J. Kuhns and J. C. Patterson, |
|
Article
|
Frank Rinn and F. H. Schweingruber and E. Schär
|
Frank Rinn and F. H. Schweingruber and E. Schär. 1996. Resistograph and X-ray density charts of wood. Holzforschung 50: 303-311. |
|
Article
|
Frank Rinn and F. H. Scheweingruber and E. Schar
|
Frank Rinn and F. H. Scheweingruber and E. Schar. 1996. Resistograph and X-ray density charts of wood comparative evaluation of drill resistance profiles and x-ray density charts of different wood species.. Holzforschung 50: 303-311. |
|
Conference
|
S. Schubert and D. Gsell and J. Dual and M. Motavalli and P. Niemz and E. T. H. Zürich and E. Dübendorf
|
S. Schubert and D. Gsell and J. Dual and M. Motavalli and P. Niemz and E. T. H. Zürich and E. Dübendorf. 2005. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy applied to wood: comparison of the shear modulus of wood before and after exposure to fungal pathogens. |
|
Article
|
A. J. Bloom and F. S. Chapin, III. and H. A. Mooney
|
A. J. Bloom and F. S. Chapin, III. and H. A. Mooney. 1985. Resource limitation in plants - an economic analogy. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16: 363-392. |
|
Article
|
J. T. Tippett and A. L. Bogle and A. L. Shigo
|
J. T. Tippett and A. L. Bogle and A. L. Shigo. 1982. Response of balsam fir and hemlock roots to injuries . European Journal of Forest Pathology 12: 357-364. |
|
Article
|
F. Ferrini and F. P. Nicese
|
F. Ferrini and F. P. Nicese. 2002. Response of English oak (Quercus robur L.) trees to biostimulants application in the urban environment. Journal of Arboriculture 28: 70-75. |
|
Article
|
B. J. Atwell
|
B. J. Atwell. 1993. Response of roots to mechanical impedance. Environmental and Experimental Botany 33: 27-40. |
|
Article
|
T. S. S. Conlin and R. van den Driessche
|
T. S. S. Conlin and R. van den Driessche. 2000. Response of soil CO2 and O2 concentrations to forest soil compaction at the Long-term Soil Productivity sites in central British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80: 625-632. |
|
Article
|
M. C. Polanco and J. J. Zwiazek and M. C. Voicu
|
M. C. Polanco and J. J. Zwiazek and M. C. Voicu. 2008. Responses of ectomycorrhizal American elm (Ulmus Americana) seedlings to salinity and soil compaction. Plant and Soil 308: 189-200. |
|
Article
|
H. Yi and M. C. Polanco and M. MacKinnon and J. J. Zwiazek
|
H. Yi and M. C. Polanco and M. MacKinnon and J. J. Zwiazek. 2008. Responses of ectomycorrhizal Populus tremuloides and Betula papyrifera seedlings to salinity. Environmental and Experimental Botany 62: 357-363. |
|
Article
|
A. R. Sena Gomes and T. T. Kozlowski
|
A. R. Sena Gomes and T. T. Kozlowski. 1980. Responses of Pinus halepensis seedlings to flooding. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 10: 308-311. |
|
Article
|
M. Rieger and F. Marra
|
M. Rieger and F. Marra. 1994. Responses of young peach trees to root confinement. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119: 223-228. |
|
Article
|
S. N. Handel and G. R. Robinson and W. F. J. Parsons and J. H. Mattei
|
S. N. Handel and G. R. Robinson and W. F. J. Parsons and J. H. Mattei. 1997. Restoration of woody plants to capped landfills: Root dynamics in an engineered soil. Restoration Ecology 5: 178-186. |
|
Article
|
Wayne W. Wilcox
|
Wayne W. Wilcox. 1978. Review of literature on the effects of early stages of decay on wood strength. Wood and Fiber Science 9: 252-257. |
|
Conference
|
Y. Birot and C. Gollier
|
Y. Birot and C. Gollier. 2001. Risk assessment, management and sharing in forestry with special emphasis on wind storms. |
|
Article
|
Baruch Fischhoff
|
Baruch Fischhoff. 1995. Risk Perception and Communication Unplugged: Twenty Years of Process. Risk Analysis 15: 137-145. |
|
Article
|
A. R. Somerville
|
A. R. Somerville. 1979. Root anchorage and root morphology of Pinus radiata on a range of ripping treatments. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 9: 294-315. |
|
Article
|
J. R. Harris and N. L. Bassuk and R. W. Zobel and T. H. Whitlow
|
J. R. Harris and N. L. Bassuk and R. W. Zobel and T. H. Whitlow. 1995. Root and shoot growth periodicity of green ash, scarlet oak, Turkish hazelnut, and tree lilac. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120: 211-216. |
|
Article
|
A. C. Gossard
|
A. C. Gossard. 1942. Root and shoot production by young pecan trees treated with indole-butyric acid at the time of transplanting. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science 41: 161-166. |
|
Article
|
M. Coutts
|
M. Coutts. 1983. Root architecture and tree stability. Plant and Soil 71: 171-188. |
|
Article
|
M. P. Coutts
|
M. P. Coutts. 1983. Root architecture and tree stability . Plant and Soil 71: 171-188. |
|
Article
|
F. Danjon and T. Fourcaud and D. Bert
|
F. Danjon and T. Fourcaud and D. Bert. 2005. Root architecture and wind-firmness of mature Pinus pinaster. New Phytologist 168: 387-400. |
|
Article
|
E. Sundstrom and M. Keane
|
E. Sundstrom and M. Keane. 1999. Root architecture, early development and basal sweep in containerized and bare-rooted Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Plant and Soil 217: 65-78. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman and M. Paz and C. Harchick
|
E. F. Gilman and M. Paz and C. Harchick. 2010. Root ball shaving improves root systems on seven species in containers. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 28: 13-18. |
|
Article
|
P. J. Peper and S. Mori
|
P. J. Peper and S. Mori. 1999. Root barrier and extension casing effects on Chinese hackberry. Journal of Arboriculture 25: 1-8. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman
|
E. F. Gilman. 1996. Root barriers affect root distribution. Journal of Arboriculture 22: 151-154. |
|
Report
|
D. Marshall and D. Patch and M. Dobson
|
D. Marshall and D. Patch and M. Dobson. 1997. Root Barriers and Building Subsidence. Arboricultural Practice Notes 8. |
|
Article
|
E. T. Smiley and A. Key and C. Greco
|
E. T. Smiley and A. Key and C. Greco. 2000. Root barriers and windthrow potential. Journal of Arboriculture 26: 213-217. |
|
Article
|
E. T. Smiley and A. Key and C. Greco
|
E. T. Smiley and A. Key and C. Greco. 2000. Root barriers and windthrow potential. Journal of Arboriculture 26: 213-217. |
|
Conference
|
P. A. Barker
|
P. A. Barker. 1994. Root barriers for controlling damage to sidewalks. The Landscape Below Ground: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils ed. G. W. Watson and D. Neely, International Society of Arboriculture, Savoy, IL. |
|
Article
|
J. Urban
|
J. Urban. 1995. Root barriers: an evaluation. Landscape Architecture 84: 28-31. |
|
Article
|
J. Kodrik and M. Kodrik
|
J. Kodrik and M. Kodrik. 2002. Root biomass of beech as a factor influencing the wind tree stability. Journal of Forest Science 48: 549-564. |
|
Conference
|
E. T. Smiley
|
E. T. Smiley. 2006. Root collar excavation for urban landscape trees. Proceedings of Trees and Planting: Getting the Roots Right 49-50. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL. |
|
Article
|
E. K. Nambiar
|
E. K. Nambiar. 1980. Root configuration and root regeneration in Pinus radiata seedlings. New Zealand Journal of Forest Science 10: 249-263. |
|
Report
|
O. A. Leonard and D. E. Bayer and R. K. Glenn
|
O. A. Leonard and D. E. Bayer and R. K. Glenn. 1972. Root control in relation to the problem in sewers and drains. Research Progress Report Western Society of Weed Science. 23-24. |
|
Article
|
J. C. Britton
|
J. C. Britton. 1990. Root crown examinations for disease and decay. Journal of Arboriculture 16: |
|
Conference
|
S. Grene
|
S. Grene. 1978. Root deformations reduce root growth and stability. Proceedings of the root form of planted trees symposium 150-155. ed. E. Van Eerden and J. M. Kinghorn, British Columbia Ministry of Forests. |
|
Article
|
A. Ruiz-Canales and J. A. Franco and V. Plana and J. M. abrisqueta
|
A. Ruiz-Canales and J. A. Franco and V. Plana and J. M. abrisqueta. 2006. Root distribution in apricot orchard (Prunus armeniaca L. 'Bulida') under trickle irrigation. Acta Horticulturae 717: 307-311. |
|
Article
|
R. A. Abercrombie
|
R. A. Abercrombie. 1990. Root distribution of avocado trees on a sandy loam soil as affected by soil compaction. Acta Horticulturae 275: 505-512. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson and E. B. Himelick
|
G. W. Watson and E. B. Himelick. 1982. Root distribution of nursery trees and its relationship to transplanting success. Journal of Arboriculture 8: 225-229. |
|
Article
|
E. L. Proebsting
|
E. L. Proebsting. 1943. Root distribution of some deciduous fruit trees in a California orchard. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science 43: 1-4. |
|
Article
|
J. M. Abrisqueta and O. Mounzer and S. Alvarez and W. Conejero and Y. Garcia-Orellana and L. M. Tapia and J. Vera and I. Abrisqueta and M. C. Ruiz-Sanchez
|
J. M. Abrisqueta and O. Mounzer and S. Alvarez and W. Conejero and Y. Garcia-Orellana and L. M. Tapia and J. Vera and I. Abrisqueta and M. C. Ruiz-Sanchez. 2008. Root dynamics of peach trees submitted to partial rootzone drying and continuous deficit irrigation . Agricultural Water Management 95: 959-967. |
|
Article
|
J. M. Abrisqueta and A. Hernansaez and J. A. Franco
|
J. M. Abrisqueta and A. Hernansaez and J. A. Franco. 1994. Root dynamics of young almond tree under different drip irrigation rates. Journal of Horticultural Science 69: 237-242. |
|
Article
|
A. Lindstrom and E. Stattin
|
A. Lindstrom and E. Stattin. 1994. Root freezing tolerance and vitality of Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings; influence of storage duration, storage temperature, and prestorage root freezing. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24: 2477-2484. |
|
Article
|
L. H. Stolzy and J. Letey and T. E. Szuszkiewicz and O. R. Lung
|
L. H. Stolzy and J. Letey and T. E. Szuszkiewicz and O. R. Lung. 1961. Root growth and diffusion rates as functions of oxygen concentration. Soil Science Society Proceedings 25: 463-467. |
|
Book Section
|
W. Armstrong and M. C. Drew
|
W. Armstrong and M. C. Drew. 2002. Root growth and metabolism under oxygen deficiency. Plant Roots: The Hidden Half, third edition 729-761. ed. Y. Waisel and A. Eshel and U. Kafkafi, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY. |
|
Article
|
D. Barnett
|
D. Barnett. 1986. Root growth and water use by newly transplanted woody landscape plants. The Public Garden 1: 23-25. |
|
Article
|
B. F. Wilson
|
B. F. Wilson. 1967. Root growth around barriers. Botanical Gazette 128: 79-82. |
|
Article
|
N. E. D'Amato and T. D. Sydnor and R. Hunt and B. Bishop
|
N. E. D'Amato and T. D. Sydnor and R. Hunt and B. Bishop. 2002. Root growth beneath sidewalks near trees of four genera. Journal of Arboriculture 28: 283-290. |
|
Article
|
L. Qu and A. M. Quoreshi and T. Koike
|
L. Qu and A. M. Quoreshi and T. Koike. 2003. Root growth characteristics, biomass and nutrient dynamics of seedlings of two larch species raised under different fertilization regimes. Plant and Soil 255: 293-302. |
|
Article
|
E. T. Smiley
|
E. T. Smiley. 2005. Root growth near vertical root barriers. Journal of Arboriculture 31: 150-152. |
|
Article
|
E. T. Smiley and L. Wilkinson and B. R. Fraedrich
|
E. T. Smiley and L. Wilkinson and B. R. Fraedrich. 2009. Root growth near vertical root barriers after seven years. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 35: 23-26. |
|
Book Section
|
S. D. Richardson
|
S. D. Richardson. 1953. Root growth of Acer pseudoplatanus L. in relation to grass cover and nitrogen deficiency. Mededelingen Landbouwhogesch Wageningen 53: 75-97. Veenman & Zonen, Netherlands. |
|
Article
|
N. R. Hullugalle and R. Lal
|
N. R. Hullugalle and R. Lal. 1986. Root growth of maize in a compacted gravelly tropical alfisol as affected by rotation with a woody perennial. Field Crop Research 13: 33-44. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman and M. E. Kane
|
E. F. Gilman and M. E. Kane. 1990. Root growth of red maple following planting from containers . Hortscience 25: 527-528. |
|
Article
|
C. A. Martin and D. L. Ingram
|
C. A. Martin and D. L. Ingram. 1991. Root growth of southern magnolia following exposure to high root-zone temperatures. HortScience 26: 370-371. |
|
Article
|
H. H. Witt
|
H. H. Witt. 1997. Root growth of trees as influenced by physical and chemical soil factors. Acta Horticulturae 450: 205-214. |
|
Conference
|
S. Reichwein
|
S. Reichwein. 2003. Root growth under pavements - results of a field study. Second international symposium on plant health in urban horticulture 132-137. ed. H. Balder and K-H. Strauch and G. F. Bachhaus, Senate for Urban Development, Berlin. |
|
Book Section
|
T. J. Walmsley and B. Hunt and A. D. Bradshaw
|
T. J. Walmsley and B. Hunt and A. D. Bradshaw. 1991. Root growth, water stress and tree establishment. Research for Practical Arboriculture (Forest Commission Bulletin Series, No 97) 38-43. ed. S. J. Hodge, Bernan Press. |
|
Article
|
E. J. Studer and P. L. Steponkus and G. L. Good and S. C. Weist
|
E. J. Studer and P. L. Steponkus and G. L. Good and S. C. Weist. 1978. Root hardiness of container-grown ornamentals. HortScience 13: 172-174. |
|
Article
|
F. S. J. Santamour
|
F. S. J. Santamour. 1979. Root hardiness of green ash seedlings from different provenances. Journal of Arboriculture 5: 276-278. |
|
Article
|
J. R. Havis
|
J. R. Havis. 1976. Root hardiness of woody ornamentals. HortScience 11: 385-386. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman and T. H. Yeager
|
E. F. Gilman and T. H. Yeager. 1988. Root initiation in root-pruned hardwoods . Hortscience 23: 775. |
|
Report
|
W. C. Carlson
|
W. C. Carlson. 1974. Root initiation induced by root pruning in northern red oak. Forestry Research Review, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 14-16. |
|
Book Section
|
Alexia Stokes and Murad Ghani and Franck Salin and Frédéric Danjon and Henri Jeannin and Stéphane Berthier and Adzo Kokutse and Henri Frochot
|
Alexia Stokes and Murad Ghani and Franck Salin and Frédéric Danjon and Henri Jeannin and Stéphane Berthier and Adzo Kokutse and Henri Frochot. 2007. Root morphology and strain distribution during tree failure on mountain slopes. Eco-and Ground Bio-Engineering: The Use of Vegetation to Improve Slope Stability. 165-173. |
|
Article
|
P. Heilman
|
P. Heilman. 1981. Root penetration of Douglas-fir seedlings into compacted soil. Forest Science 27: 660-666. |
|
Article
|
E. T. Smiley
|
E. T. Smiley. 2008. Root pruning and stability of young willow oak. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34: 123-128. |
|
Article
|
E. T. Smiley
|
E. T. Smiley. 2008. Root pruning and stability of young willow oak . Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34: 123-128. |
|
Article
|
J. R. Harris and J. Fanelli and A. Niemiera and R. Wright
|
J. R. Harris and J. Fanelli and A. Niemiera and R. Wright. 2001. Root pruning pin oak liners affects growth and root morphology. HortTechnology 11: 49-52. |
|
Article
|
M. M. Larson
|
M. M. Larson. 1970. Root regeneration and early growth of red oak seedlings: Influence of soil temperature. Forest Science 16: 442-446. |
|
Article
|
E. K. S. Nambiar and G. D. Bowen and R. Sands
|
E. K. S. Nambiar and G. D. Bowen and R. Sands. 1979. Root regeneration and plant water status of Pinus radiata D. Don seedlings transplanted to different soil temperatures. Journal of Experimental Botany 30: 1119-1131. |
|
Article
|
H. W. M. Fuchs
|
H. W. M. Fuchs. 1986. Root regeneration of rose plants as influenced by applied auxins. Acta Horticulturae 189: 101-107. |
|
Article
|
W. R. Witherspoon and G. P. Lumis
|
W. R. Witherspoon and G. P. Lumis. 1986. Root regeneration of Tilia cordata cultivars after transplanting in response to root exposure and soil moisture levels. Journal of Arboriculture 12: 165-168. |
|
Article
|
S. R. Pezeshki
|
S. R. Pezeshki. 1991. Root responses of flood-tolerant and flood-sensitive tree species to soil redox conditions. Trees 5: 180-186. |
|
Article
|
K. Schroeder
|
K. Schroeder. 2008. Root space underneath traffic lanes. Arboricultural Journal 31: 33-43. |
|
Article
|
W. Stepniewski and S. R. Pezeshki and R. D. DeLaune and W. H. Patrick Jr.
|
W. Stepniewski and S. R. Pezeshki and R. D. DeLaune and W. H. Patrick Jr.. 1991. Root studies under variable redox potential in soil or soil suspensions using laboratory rhizotrons. Vegetatio 94: 47-55. |
|
Article
|
W. C. Carlson
|
W. C. Carlson. 1986. Root system considerations in the quality of loblolly pine seedlings. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 10: 87-92. |
|
Article
|
W. S. Castle
|
W. S. Castle. 1987. Root system development in field- and container-grown young citrus trees. Florida State Horticultural Society 100: 85-89. |
|
Article
|
S. Eis
|
S. Eis. 1974. Root system morphology of Western hemlock, Western red cedar, and Douglas-fir . Canadian Journal of Forest Research 4: 28-38. |
|
Article
|
S. B. Horsley
|
S. B. Horsley. 1971. Root tip injury and development of the paper birch root stem. Forest Science 17: 341-348. |
|
Article
|
G. P. Lumis and S. A. Struger
|
G. P. Lumis and S. A. Struger. 1988. Root tissue development around wire-basket transplant containers. HortScience 23: 401. |
|
Article
|
P. S. Johnson and S. L. Novinger and W. G. Mares
|
P. S. Johnson and S. L. Novinger and W. G. Mares. 1984. Root, shoot, and leaf area growth potentials of northern red oak planting stock . Forest Science 30: 1017-1026. |
|
Article
|
F. J. Bigras and D. Dumais
|
F. J. Bigras and D. Dumais. 2005. Root-freezing damage in the containerized nursery: impact on plantation sites - a review. New Forests 30: 167-184. |
|
Book Section
|
H. Marschner and V. Romheld
|
H. Marschner and V. Romheld. 1996. Root-induced changes in the availability of micronutrients in the rhizosphere. Plant Roots: The Hidden Half, second edition 557-579. ed. Y. Waisel and A. Eshel and U. Kafkafi, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY. |
|
Report
|
A. I. Fraser and J. B. H. Gardiner
|
A. I. Fraser and J. B. H. Gardiner. 1967. Rooting and stability in sitka spruce. |
|
Report
|
M. Streckenbach and T. Stutzel and C. Bennerscheidt and K. Schroder
|
M. Streckenbach and T. Stutzel and C. Bennerscheidt and K. Schroder. 2007. Roots and below-ground infrastructure (Wurzeln und unterirdische Infrastruktur). aFZ/Der Wald, Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift fur Waldwirtschaft und Umweltvorsorge 62: 194-196. |
|
Article
|
W. R. Graves and M. N. Dana and R. J. Joly
|
W. R. Graves and M. N. Dana and R. J. Joly. 1989. Root-zone temperature affects water status and growth of red maple. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114: 406-410. |
|
Article
|
W. R. Graves and M. N. Dana
|
W. R. Graves and M. N. Dana. 1987. Root-zone temperature monitored at urban sites. Hortscience 22: 613-614. |
|
Article
|
R. Felix and A. L. Shigo
|
R. Felix and A. L. Shigo. 1980. Rots and rods. Journal of Arboriculture 3: 187-190. |
|
Article
|
Claus Matteck and K. Bethge and J. Schäfer
|
Claus Matteck and K. Bethge and J. Schäfer. 1993. Safety factors in trees. Journal of Theoretical Biology 165: 185-189. |
|
Article
|
H. V. Wester and E. E. Cohen
|
H. V. Wester and E. E. Cohen. 1968. Salt damage to vegetation in the Washington D.C. area during the 1966-67 winter. Plant Disease Reporter 52: 350-354. |
|
Article
|
F. W. Holmes
|
F. W. Holmes. 1961. Salt injury to trees. Phytopathology 51: 712-718. |
|
Article
|
S. Onwona-Agyeman and N. Morioka and M. Kondo and K. Kitagawa
|
S. Onwona-Agyeman and N. Morioka and M. Kondo and K. Kitagawa. 1995. Seasonal changes in the modulus of elasticity of living branches of three coniferous species. Ecological Research 10: 199-206. |
|
Article
|
D. M. Eissenstat and J. E. Kuntz and G. L. Worf
|
D. M. Eissenstat and J. E. Kuntz and G. L. Worf. 1988. Seasonal timing of root growth in favorable microsites. Ecology 69: 870-873. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson and E. B. Himelick
|
G. W. Watson and E. B. Himelick. 1982. Seasonal variation in root regeneration of transplanted trees. Journal of Arboriculture 8: 305-310. |
|
Article
|
M. Garboletto and G. Slaughter and T. Popenuck and F. W. Cobb and T. D. Bruns
|
M. Garboletto and G. Slaughter and T. Popenuck and F. W. Cobb and T. D. Bruns. 1997. Secondary spread of Heterobasidion annosum in white fir root-disease centers. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27: 766-773. |
|
Conference
|
Klaus Schröder
|
Klaus Schröder. 2004. Securing of break-endangered tree crowns. |
|
Article
|
C. M. Siegel-Issem and J. A. Burger and R. F. Powers and F. Ponder and S. C. Patterson
|
C. M. Siegel-Issem and J. A. Burger and R. F. Powers and F. Ponder and S. C. Patterson. 2005. Seedling root growth as a function of soil density and water content. Soil Science Society of America Journal 69: 215-226. |
|
Article
|
F. Lloret and C. Casanovas and J. Penuelas
|
F. Lloret and C. Casanovas and J. Penuelas. 1999. Seedling survival of Mediterranean shrubland species in relation to root, shoot ratio, seed size and water and nitrogen use. Functional Ecology 13: 210-216. |
|
Article
|
A. Saebo and T. Bendedikz and T. B. Randrup
|
A. Saebo and T. Bendedikz and T. B. Randrup. 2003. Selection of trees for urban forestry in the Nordic countries. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2: 101-114. |
|
Book Section
|
C. E. Clapp and S. A. Stark and D. E. Clay and W. E. Larson
|
C. E. Clapp and S. A. Stark and D. E. Clay and W. E. Larson. 1986. Sewage sludge organic matter and soil properties. The Role of Organic Matter in Modern Agriculture 209-253. ed. Y. Chen and Y. Avnimelech, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. |
|
Article
|
N. R. Townley
|
N. R. Townley. 1969. Sewer root control-chemically. The American City 92-94. |
|
Article
|
J. Morgan and M. G. R. Cannell
|
J. Morgan and M. G. R. Cannell. 1994. Shape of tree stems - a re-examination of the uniform stress hypothesis. Tree Physiology 14: 49-62. |
|
Article
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge and I. Tesari
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge and I. Tesari. 2006. Shear effects on failure of hollow trees. Trees - Structure and Function 20: 329-333. |
|
Article
|
H. Okamoto and H. Maenaka
|
H. Okamoto and H. Maenaka. 2007. Shift to alkali soil by adjacent concrete structure in city area. Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 33: 146-151. |
|
Article
|
A. L. Shigo and W. C. Shortle
|
A. L. Shigo and W. C. Shortle. 1985. Shigometry: a reference guide. 710-711. |
|
Article
|
J. Grabosky and N. Bassuk and L. Irwin and H. Van Es
|
J. Grabosky and N. Bassuk and L. Irwin and H. Van Es. 2001. Shoot and root growth of three tree species in sidewalks. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 19: 206-211. |
|
Article
|
S. A. Abod and A. D. Webster
|
S. A. Abod and A. D. Webster. 1990. Shoot and root pruning effects on the growth and water relations of young Malus, Tilia and Betula transplants. Journal of Horticultural Science 65: 451-459. |
|
Article
|
F. J. Bigras and H. A. Margolis
|
F. J. Bigras and H. A. Margolis. 1996. Shoot and root sensitivity of containerized black spruce, white spruce and jack pine seedlings to late fall freezing. New Forests 13: 29-49. |
|
Conference
|
D. C. Fare
|
D. C. Fare. 2006. Should potting depth be a concern with container-grown trees?. Proceedings of Trees and Planting: Getting the Roots Right 25-29. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL. |
|
Article
|
K. D. Coder
|
K. D. Coder. 1989. Should you or shouldn't you fill tree hollows. Grounds Maintenance 24: 68-70. |
|
Article
|
J. A. Wagar
|
J. A. Wagar. 1982. Sidewalk and soil amendment effects on growth of Zelkova and fruitless mulberry. Journal of Arboriculture 8: 267-270. |
|
Article
|
J. A. Wagar and A. L. Franklin
|
J. A. Wagar and A. L. Franklin. 1994. Sidewalk effects on soil moisture and temperature. Journal of Arboriculture 20: 237-238. |
|
Article
|
W. D. Hamilton
|
W. D. Hamilton. 1984. Sidewalk/curb-breaking tree roots. 1. Why tree roots cause pavement problems. Arboricultural Journal 8: 37-44. |
|
Article
|
W. D. Hamilton
|
W. D. Hamilton. 1988. Significance of root severance on performance of established trees. Journal of Arboriculture 14: 288-292. |
|
Article
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge. 2000. Simple mathematical approaches to tree biomechanics. Arboricultural Journal 24: 307-326. |
|
Article
|
H. Claessens and D. Pauwels and A. Thibaut and J. Rondeux
|
H. Claessens and D. Pauwels and A. Thibaut and J. Rondeux. 1999. Site index curves and autecology of ash, sycamore and cherry in Wallonia (Southern Belgium). Forestry 72: 171-182. |
|
Conference
|
J. Kopinga
|
J. Kopinga. 1985. Site preparation practice in the Netherlands. Proceedings of the Fifth Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance 5: 62-71. ed. L. J. Kuhns and J. C. Patterson, |
|
Article
|
J. Grabosky and N. Bassuk
|
J. Grabosky and N. Bassuk. 2008. Sixth- and tenth-year growth measurements for three tree species in a load-bearing stone-soil blend under pavement and a tree lawn in Brooklyn, New York, U.S.. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34: 265-266. |
|
Article
|
D. Pittenger and D. Hodel
|
D. Pittenger and D. Hodel. 2009. Six-year evaluation of circular root barriers on two tree species. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 35: 41-46. |
|
Article
|
John E. A. Bertram
|
John E. A. Bertram. 1989. Size-dependent differential scaling in branches: the mechanical design of trees revisited. Trees - Structure and Function 3: 241-253. |
|
Article
|
G. Yelenosky
|
G. Yelenosky. 1963. Soil aeration and tree growth. International Shade Tree Conference Proceedings 39: 16-25. |
|
Webpage
|
K. Townsend and D. Ham and A. Miller and T. Chesnut
|
K. Townsend and D. Ham and A. Miller and T. Chesnut. 1997. Soil aeration systems - Do they really improve tree root zone conditions under fill and paving?. |
|
Article
|
T. T. Kozlowski
|
T. T. Kozlowski. 1985. Soil aeration, flooding, and tree growth. Journal of Arboriculture 11: 85-96. |
|
Article
|
S. Braun and W. Fluckiger
|
S. Braun and W. Fluckiger. 1998. Soil amendments for plantings of urban trees. Soil & Tillage Research 49: 201-209. |
|
Article
|
C. Cogger and R. Hummel and J. Hart and A. Bary
|
C. Cogger and R. Hummel and J. Hart and A. Bary. 2008. Soil and redosier dogwood response to incorporated and surface-applied compost. Hortscience 43: 2143-2150. |
|
Book Section
|
L. H. Stolzy
|
L. H. Stolzy. 1974. Soil atmosphere. The Plant Root and its Environment 335-362. ed. E. W. Carson, University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. |
|
Article
|
M. C. Lincoln and R. E. Will and L. A. Morris and E. A. Carter and D. Markewitz and J. R. Britt and B. Cazell and V. Ford
|
M. C. Lincoln and R. E. Will and L. A. Morris and E. A. Carter and D. Markewitz and J. R. Britt and B. Cazell and V. Ford. 2007. Soil change and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) seedling growth following site preparation tillage in the Upper Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States. Forest Ecology and Management 242: 558-568. |
|
Article
|
T. T. Kozlowski
|
T. T. Kozlowski. 1999. Soil compaction and growth of woody plants. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 14: 596-619. |
|
Conference
|
J. C. Patterson
|
J. C. Patterson. 1976. Soil compaction and its effects upon urban vegetation. Better trees for metropolitan landscapes, USDA Forest Service,General Technical Report NE-22 91-101. ed. F. S. Jr Santamour and H. D. Gerhold and S. Little, Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. |
|
Conference
|
K. Rolf
|
K. Rolf. 1994. Soil compaction and loosening effects on soil physics on tree growth. The Landscape Below Ground: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils 131-148. ed. G. W. Watson and D. Neely, International Society of Arboriculture, Savoy, IL. |
|
Article
|
P. W. Unger and T. C. Kaspar
|
P. W. Unger and T. C. Kaspar. 1994. Soil compaction and root growth: a review. Agronomy Journal 86: 759-766. |
|
Conference
|
R. Fleming and N. Foster and J. Jeglum and P. Hazlett
|
R. Fleming and N. Foster and J. Jeglum and P. Hazlett. 1998. Soil compaction and sustainable productivity on coarse-textured jack pine sites. Developing Systems for Integrating Bioenergy into Environmentally Sustainable Forestry: Proceedings of the International Energy Agency Bioenergy Agreement Task 18 Workshop 72-81. ed. A. T. Lowe and C. T. Smith, Forest Research Institute Bulletin 211, New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand. |
|
Article
|
C. E. Bulmer and D. G. Simpson
|
C. E. Bulmer and D. G. Simpson. 2005. Soil compaction and water content as factors affecting the growth of lodgepole pine seedlings on sandy clay loam soil. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 85: 667-679. |
|
Article
|
C. Y. Jim
|
C. Y. Jim. 1993. Soil compaction as a constraint to tree growth in tropical and subtropical urban habitats . Environmental Conservation 20: 35-49. |
|
Article
|
A. Gomez and R. F. Powers and M. J. Singer and W. R. Horwath
|
A. Gomez and R. F. Powers and M. J. Singer and W. R. Horwath. 2002. Soil compaction effects on growth of young ponderosa pine following litter removal in California's Sierra Nevada. Soil Science Society of America Journal 66: 1334-1343. |
|
Article
|
S. Brais and C. Camire
|
S. Brais and C. Camire. 1998. Soil compaction induced by careful logging in the claybelt region of northwestern Quebec (Canada). Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78: 197-206. |
|
Article
|
T. B. Randrup
|
T. B. Randrup. 1997. Soil compaction on construction sites. Journal of Arboriculture 23: 207-210. |
|
Article
|
P. J. Craul
|
P. J. Craul. 1994. Soil compaction on heavily used sites. Journal of Arboriculture 20: 69-74. |
|
Article
|
J. C. Patterson
|
J. C. Patterson. 1977. Soil compaction-effects on urban vegetation. Journal of Arboriculture 3: 161-167. |
|
Article
|
D. H. Webster
|
D. H. Webster. 1978. Soil conditions associated with absence or sparse development of apple roots. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 58: 961-969. |
|
Article
|
F. J. Veihmeyer and A. H. Hendrickson
|
F. J. Veihmeyer and A. H. Hendrickson. 1948. Soil density and root penetration. Soil Science 65: 487-493. |
|
Article
|
G. E. Hatchell and C. W. Ralston and R. R. Foil
|
G. E. Hatchell and C. W. Ralston and R. R. Foil. 1970. Soil disturbances in logging. Journal of Forestry 68: 772-775. |
|
Book Section
|
R. W. Pearson
|
R. W. Pearson. 1965. Soil environment and root development. Plant Environment and Efficient Water Use 110-115. ed. W. H. Pierre and D. Kirkham and J. Pesek and R. Shaw, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI. |
|
Article
|
A. J. M. Smucker
|
A. J. M. Smucker. 1993. Soil environmental modifications of root dynamics and measurement. Annual Review of Phytopathology 31: 191-216. |
|
Article
|
G. A. Ruark and D. L. Mader and P. L. M. Veneman and T. A. Tattar
|
G. A. Ruark and D. L. Mader and P. L. M. Veneman and T. A. Tattar. 1983. Soil factors related to urban sugar maple decline. Journal of Arboriculture 9: 1-6. |
|
Article
|
G. Z. Rayner
|
G. Z. Rayner. 1965. Soil fumigants control roots in sewers. The American City 80: 135. |
|
Article
|
K. Rolf
|
K. Rolf. 1991. Soil improvement and increased growth response from subsoil cultivation. Journal of Arboriculture 17: 200-204. |
|
Article
|
G. C. Percival and G. A. Fraser and S. Barnes
|
G. C. Percival and G. A. Fraser and S. Barnes. 2004. Soil injections of carbohydrates improve fine root growth of established urban trees. Arboricultural Journal 28: 95-101. |
|
Article
|
P. E. Wiseman and C. Wells
|
P. E. Wiseman and C. Wells. 2005. Soil inoculum potential and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Acer rubrum in forested and developed landscapes. Journal of Arboriculture 31: 296-302. |
|
Article
|
J. Morgenroth and G. D. Buchan
|
J. Morgenroth and G. D. Buchan. 2009. Soil moisture and aeration beneath pervious and impervious pavements. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 35: 135-141. |
|
Article
|
I. Levin and R. Assaf and B. Bravdo
|
I. Levin and R. Assaf and B. Bravdo. 1979. Soil moisture and root distribution in an apple orchard irrigated by tricklers. Plant and Soil 52: 31-40. |
|
Book Section
|
B. Lowery and J. E. Morrison
|
B. Lowery and J. E. Morrison. 2002. Soil penetrometers and penetrability. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods 363-388. ed. J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp, ASA and SSA, Madison, WI. |
|
Article
|
B. W. Eavis
|
B. W. Eavis. 1972. Soil physical conditions affecting seedling growth. I. Mechanical impedance, aeration, and moisture availability as influenced by bulk density and moisture levels in a sandy loam soil. Plant and Soil 36: 613-622. |
|
Article
|
D. S. Page-Dumroese and M. F. Jurgensen and A. E. Tiarks and F. Ponder and F. G. Sanchez and R. L. Fleming and J. M. Kranabetter and R. F. Powers and D. M. Stone and J. D. Elioff and D. A. Scott
|
D. S. Page-Dumroese and M. F. Jurgensen and A. E. Tiarks and F. Ponder and F. G. Sanchez and R. L. Fleming and J. M. Kranabetter and R. F. Powers and D. M. Stone and J. D. Elioff and D. A. Scott. 2006. Soil physical property changes at the North American long-term soil productivity study sites: 1 and 5 years after compaction. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36: 551-564. |
|
Article
|
D. M. Stone and J. D. Elioff
|
D. M. Stone and J. D. Elioff. 1998. Soil properties and aspen development five years after compaction and forest floor removal. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78: 51-58. |
|
Article
|
F. F. Forristall and S. P. Gessel
|
F. F. Forristall and S. P. Gessel. 1955. Soil properties related to forest cover type and productivity on the Lee Forest, Snohomish County, Washington. Soil Science Society of America Journal 19: 384-389. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson
|
G. W. Watson. 2002. Soil replacement: long-term results. Journal of Arboriculture 28: 229-230. |
|
Article
|
P. Kelsey and R. Hootman
|
P. Kelsey and R. Hootman. 1990. Soil resource evaluation for a group of sidewalk street tree planters. Journal of Arboriculture 16: 113-117. |
|
Article
|
B. C. Ball and M. F. O'Sullivan
|
B. C. Ball and M. F. O'Sullivan. 1982. Soil strength and crop emergence in direct drilled and ploughed cereal seedbeds in seven field experiments. Journal of Soil Science 33: 609-622. |
|
Article
|
H. M. Taylor and G. M. Robertson and J. J. Parker
|
H. M. Taylor and G. M. Robertson and J. J. Parker. 1966. Soil strength-root penetration relations for medium- to coarse-textured soil materials. Soil Science 102: 18-22. |
|
Report
|
D. K. Struve and B. C. Moser
|
D. K. Struve and B. C. Moser. 1985. Soil temperature effects on root regeneration of scarlet oak seedlings. Research Circular 2841: 12-14. Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. |
|
Article
|
H. Pellet
|
H. Pellet. 1981. Soil temperature effects on urban plants. New Horizons 34-36. Horticultural Research Institute, Washington, DC. |
|
Report
|
H. G. Halverson and G. M. Heisler
|
H. G. Halverson and G. M. Heisler. 1981. Soil Temperatures under urban trees and asphalt. USDA Forest Service Research Paper 6. |
|
Article
|
T. J. Tworkoski and J. A. Burger and D. W. Smith
|
T. J. Tworkoski and J. A. Burger and D. W. Smith. 1983. Soil texture and bulk density affect early growth of white oak seedlings. Tree Planters' Notes 34: 22-25. |
|
Conference
|
J. Juzwik and R. R. Allmaras and K. M. Gust
|
J. Juzwik and R. R. Allmaras and K. M. Gust. 1997. Soil tillage practices and root disease management. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-419 23-28. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. |
|
Article
|
D. Kent and S. Shultz and T. Wyatt and D. Halcrow
|
D. Kent and S. Shultz and T. Wyatt and D. Halcrow. 2006. Soil volume and tree condition in Walt Disney World parking lots. Landscape Journal 25: 94-107. |
|
Article
|
J. R. Short and D. S. Fanning and M. S. Mclntosh and J. E. Foss and J. C. Patterson
|
J. R. Short and D. S. Fanning and M. S. Mclntosh and J. E. Foss and J. C. Patterson. 1986. Soils of the Mall in Washington, D.C: I. Statistical summary of properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal 50: 699-705. |
|
Conference
|
J. Kopinga
|
J. Kopinga. 1994. Some aspects of the damage of asphalt road pavings caused by tree root, including some preventive control methods. Proceedings of the 10th Osnabrucker Baumpflegetage 10.1-10.23. |
|
Article
|
G. J. Mayhead
|
G. J. Mayhead. 1973. Some drag coefficients for British forest trees derived from wind tunnel studies.. Agricultural Forest Meteorology 12: 123-130. |
|
Article
|
J. Bechenbach and J. H. Gourley
|
J. Bechenbach and J. H. Gourley. 1932. Some effects of different cultural methods upon root distribution of apple trees. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 29: 202-204. |
|
Article
|
W. Armstrong and D. J. Read
|
W. Armstrong and D. J. Read. 1972. Some observations on oxygen transport in conifer seedlings. New Phytologist 71: 55-62. |
|
Conference
|
P. A. Barker
|
P. A. Barker. 1983. Some urban trees of California: Maintenance problems and genetic improvement possibilities. Proceedings of the Fourth Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance 4: 47-54. ed. H.D. Gerhold, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, CA. |
|
Article
|
M. J. Heydt and R. A. Morrow
|
M. J. Heydt and R. A. Morrow. 1987. Somebody's gonna pay! . American Forests 93: 12-15. |
|
Article
|
E. G. McPherson and L. R. Costello and D. W. Burger
|
E. G. McPherson and L. R. Costello and D. W. Burger. 2001. Space wars: Can trees win the battle with infrastructure? . Arborist News 10: 21-24. |
|
Article
|
W. Todd-Watson and D. N. Appel and M. A. Arnold and C. M. Kenerley
|
W. Todd-Watson and D. N. Appel and M. A. Arnold and C. M. Kenerley. 2006. Spatial distribution of Malus root systems in irrigated, trellised orchards. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology 81: 745-753. |
|
Article
|
D. I. Sokalska and D. Z. Haman and A. Szewczuk and J. Sobota and D. Deren
|
D. I. Sokalska and D. Z. Haman and A. Szewczuk and J. Sobota and D. Deren. 2009. Spatial root distribution of mature apple trees under drip irrigation system. Agricultural Water Management 96: 917-924. |
|
Article
|
David R. Foster
|
David R. Foster. 1988. Species and stand response to catastrophic wind in Central New England, U.S.A.. Journal of Ecology 76: 135-151. |
|
Book Section
|
E. Roson-Szeryn´ska
|
E. Roson-Szeryn´ska. 2004. Species resistance and tree stability. . 253-264. Warsaw Agricultural University Press . |
|
Article
|
A. T. DeGaetano
|
A. T. DeGaetano. 2000. Specification of soil volume and irrigation frequency for urban tree containers using climate data. Journal of Arboriculture 26: 142-150. |
|
Article
|
P. Lindsey and N. Bassuk
|
P. Lindsey and N. Bassuk. 1991. Specifying soil volumes to meet the water needs of mature urban street trees and trees in containers. Journal of Arboriculture 17: 141-149. |
|
Article
|
J. Bartens and P. E. Wiseman and E. T. Smiley
|
J. Bartens and P. E. Wiseman and E. T. Smiley. 2010. Stability of landscape trees in engineered and conventional urban soil mixes. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 9: 333-338. |
|
Article
|
Lothar Wessolly
|
Lothar Wessolly. 1996. Standsicherheit von Bäumen, das Kippverhalten ist geklärt (Stability of trees: explanation of the tipping process). Stadt und Grün 4: 268-272. |
|
Conference
|
Andreas Detter and Erk Brudi and Frank Bischoff
|
Andreas Detter and Erk Brudi and Frank Bischoff. 2005. Statics Integrated Methods: results from pulling tests in the past decades. Asociación Espanola de Arboricultura (Eds.): La Visión del Árbol Urbano. |
|
Article
|
Y. Kuroda and M. Ohsawa and K. Katsuya
|
Y. Kuroda and M. Ohsawa and K. Katsuya. 1994. Stem breakage caused by butt-rot in an artificial Japanese larch [Larix leptolepis] forest. Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society 76: 157-159. |
|
Article
|
G. P. Lumis
|
G. P. Lumis. 1982. Stimulating root regeneration of landscape-size red oak with auxin root sprays. Journal of Arboriculture 8: 325-326. |
|
Article
|
C. Y. Jim and Howard H. T. Liu
|
C. Y. Jim and Howard H. T. Liu. 1997. Storm damage on urban trees in Guangzhou, China. Landscape and Urban Planning 38: 45-59. |
|
Report
|
G. R. Johnson and B. Johnson
|
G. R. Johnson and B. Johnson. 1999. Storm damage to landscape trees: prediction, prevention, treatment. |
|
Report
|
Kim D. Coder
|
Kim D. Coder. 2001. Storm damaged trees: prevention and treatment. 8. |
|
Report
|
Kim D. Coder
|
Kim D. Coder. 2007. Storm wind loads on trees. |
|
Article
|
Alexia Stokes
|
Alexia Stokes. 1999. Strain distribution during anchorage failure of Pinus pinaster Ait. at different ages and tree growth response to wind-induced root movement. Plant and Soil 217: 17-27. |
|
Article
|
P. A. Barker and P. J. Peper
|
P. A. Barker and P. J. Peper. 1995. Strategies to prevent damage to sidewalks by tree roots. Arboricultural Journal 19: 295-309. |
|
Article
|
R. J. Hauer and R. W. Miller and D. M. Ouimet
|
R. J. Hauer and R. W. Miller and D. M. Ouimet. 1994. Street tree decline and construction damage. Journal of Arboriculture 20: 94-97. |
|
Report
|
B. C. Nicoll and A. Armstrong
|
B. C. Nicoll and A. Armstrong. 1997. Street tree root architecture and pavement damage. Arboriculture Research and Information Note 6. |
|
Article
|
M. J. Heydt
|
M. J. Heydt. 1988. Street trees and the law. Journal of Arboriculture 14: 20-23. |
|
Article
|
C. Y. Jim
|
C. Y. Jim. 1986. Street trees in high-density urban Hong Kong. Journal of Arboriculture 12: 257-263. |
|
Report
|
Xiping Wang and Robert J. Ross and R. James Barbour and John R. Erickson and John W. Forsman and McGinnis, Gary D.
|
Xiping Wang and Robert J. Ross and R. James Barbour and John R. Erickson and John W. Forsman and McGinnis, Gary D.. 2000. Strength and stiffness assessment of standing trees using a nondestructive stress wave technique. 9. |
|
Conference
|
D. Gaffrey
|
D. Gaffrey. 2000. Stress distribution in a stem of a 64-year old Douglas fir simulated with a 3D-tree and load model. Plant Biomechanics 2000. 425-431. ed. ed. H. C. Spatz and Thomas Speck, GeorgeThieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. |
|
Article
|
W. Fluckiger and S. Braun
|
W. Fluckiger and S. Braun. 1999. Stress factors of urban trees and their relevance for vigour and predisposition for parasite attacks. Acta Horticulturae 496: 325-334. |
|
Article
|
F. Lemaire and J. P. Rossignol
|
F. Lemaire and J. P. Rossignol. 1999. Stress factors related to urban soils. Acta Horticulturae 496: 374-351. |
|
Book
|
Igor Zaturecky and Albert Saravi and Isaac Chiu and Frank Lam
|
Igor Zaturecky and Albert Saravi and Isaac Chiu and Frank Lam. 2006. Stress-wave technology for defect detection and classification of mountain pine beetle infested logs and lumber. 53. BC Foresry Innovation Investment Ltd.. |
|
Article
|
J Morgan and M G Cannell
|
J Morgan and M G Cannell. 1987. Structural analysis of tree trunks and branches: tapered cantilever beams subject to large deflections under complex loading. Tree Physiology 3: 365-74. |
|
Thesis
|
Farrell, Robert W.
|
Farrell, Robert W.. 2003. Structural features related to tree crotch strength. |
|
Article
|
G. Hofstra and R. Hall and G. P. Lumis
|
G. Hofstra and R. Hall and G. P. Lumis. 1979. Studies of salt-induced damage to roadside plants in Ontario. Journal of Arboriculture 5: 25-31. |
|
Article
|
T. Ingestad
|
T. Ingestad. 1960. Studies on the nutrition of forest trees seedlings. III. Mineral nutrition of pine. Physiologia Plantarum 13: 513-533. |
|
Article
|
G. Bini
|
G. Bini. 1963. Studies on the resistance of peach and pear trees to root asphyxia. Rivista della Ortoflorofrutticoltura Italiana 47: 22-36. |
|
Article
|
O. Pohls and N. G. Bailey and P. B. May
|
O. Pohls and N. G. Bailey and P. B. May. 2004. Study of root invasion of sewer pipes and potential ameliorative techniques. Acta Horticulturae 643: 113-121. |
|
Article
|
T. J. Brass and G. J. Keever and D. J. Eakes and C. H. Gilliam
|
T. J. Brass and G. J. Keever and D. J. Eakes and C. H. Gilliam. 1996. Styrene-lined and copper-coated containers affect production and landscape establishment of red maple. Hortscience 31: 353-356. |
|
Article
|
A. L. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo. 1972. Successions of microorganism and patterns of discoloration and decay after wounding in red oak and white oak. Phytopathology 62: 256-259. |
|
Article
|
A. L. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo. 1967. Successions of organisms in discoloration and decay of wood. International Review of Forestry Research 2: 237-299. |
|
Article
|
C. G. Percival
|
C. G. Percival. 2004. Sugar feeding enhances root vigor of young trees following containerization. Journal of Arboriculture 30: 357-364. |
|
Report
|
K. D. Rushforth
|
K. D. Rushforth. 1979. Summer branch drop. |
|
Article
|
T. Montague and R. Kjelgren and L. Rupp
|
T. Montague and R. Kjelgren and L. Rupp. 1998. Surface energy balance affects gas exchange of three shrub species. Journal of Arboriculture 24: 254-262. |
|
Article
|
S. Sustek and J. Hruslka and M. Druckmuller and T. Michalek
|
S. Sustek and J. Hruslka and M. Druckmuller and T. Michalek. 1999. Surface of pedunculate oak root system determined by the image analysis of a map designed by a geophysical radar. Journal of Forest Science 45: 139-143. |
|
Article
|
J. N. Gibbs and B. J. W. Greig
|
J. N. Gibbs and B. J. W. Greig. 1990. Survey of parkland trees after the Great Storm of October 16, 1987. Arboricultural Journal 14: 321-347. |
|
Article
|
F. J. Ponder
|
F. J. Ponder. 2000. Survival and growth of planted hardwoods in harvested openings with first-order lateral root differences, root-dipping, and tree shelters. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 17: 45-50. |
|
Article
|
E. M. Hansen and P. B. Hamm
|
E. M. Hansen and P. B. Hamm. 1996. Survival of Phytophthora lateralis in infected roots of Port Orford cedar. Plant Disease 80: 1075-1078. |
|
Article
|
Heli Peltola and Seppo Kellomäki and Alpo Hassinen and Matti Lemettinen and J. Aho
|
Heli Peltola and Seppo Kellomäki and Alpo Hassinen and Matti Lemettinen and J. Aho. 1993. Swaying of trees as caused by wind: analysis of field measurements. Silva Fennica 27: 113-126. |
|
Article
|
P. R. Tryon and F. S. Chapin III
|
P. R. Tryon and F. S. Chapin III. 1983. Temperature control over root growth and root biomass in taiga forest trees. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 13: 827-833. |
|
Article
|
A. M. Shirazi and S. H. Vogel
|
A. M. Shirazi and S. H. Vogel. 2007. Temperature fluctuation in Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima and its surrounding environment . Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33: 193-201. |
|
Conference
|
H. Mount and L. Hernandez and T. Goddard and S. Indrick
|
H. Mount and L. Hernandez and T. Goddard and S. Indrick. 1999. Temperature signatures for anthropogenic soils in New York City. Classification, correlation, and management of anthropogenic soils, proceedings Nevada and California workshop 21: 137-140. |
|
Book
|
G. W. Hickman and E. J. Perry
|
G. W. Hickman and E. J. Perry. 1997. Ten common wood decay fungi on landscape trees - identification handbook. Sacramento: Western Chapter, ISA. |
|
Article
|
Julieta A. Rosell and Mark E. Olson
|
Julieta A. Rosell and Mark E. Olson. 2007. Testing implicit assumptions regarding the age vs. size dependence of stem biomechanics using Pittocaulon (Senecio) praecox (Asteraceae). American Journal of Botany 94: 161-172. |
|
Article
|
T. S. Fredericksen and R. L. Hedden and S. A. Williams
|
T. S. Fredericksen and R. L. Hedden and S. A. Williams. 1993. Testing loblolly pine wind firmness with simulated wind stress. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23: 1760-1765. |
|
Article
|
J. Grabosky and N. Bassuk
|
J. Grabosky and N. Bassuk. 1996. Testing of structural urban tree soil materials for use under pavement to increase street tree rooting volumes. Journal of Arboriculture 22: 255-263. |
|
Article
|
B. Kane and H. D. P. Ryan
|
B. Kane and H. D. P. Ryan. 2004. The accuracy of formula used to assess strength loss due to decay in trees. Journal of Arboriculture 30: 347-356. |
|
Article
|
AR Ennos
|
AR Ennos. 1999. The aerodynamics and hydrodynamics of plants. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 3281-3284. |
|
Article
|
C. J. Baker and H. J. Bell
|
C. J. Baker and H. J. Bell. 1992. The aerodynamics of urban trees. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 44: 2655-2666. |
|
Article
|
M. Kosmala and E. Roson-Szeryn'ska
|
M. Kosmala and E. Roson-Szeryn'ska. 2003. The analysis of visual methods of low stability tree hazard assessment.. Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University, Horticulture (Landscape Architecture) 117-125. |
|
Article
|
G. Lawday and P. A. Hodges
|
G. Lawday and P. A. Hodges. 2000. The analytical use of stress waves for the detection of decay in standing trees. Forestry 73: 447-456. |
|
Article
|
M.J. Crook and A.R. Ennos
|
M.J. Crook and A.R. Ennos. 1996. The anchorage mechanics of deep rooted larch, Larix europea X L. japonica. Journal of Experimental Botany 47: 1509-1517. |
|
Article
|
Claus Mattheck and U. Vorberg
|
Claus Mattheck and U. Vorberg. 1991. The biomechanics of tree fork design. Botanica Acta 104: 399-404. |
|
Book
|
C. Mattheck and H. Breloer
|
C. Mattheck and H. Breloer. 1994. The body language of trees: a handbook for failure analysis. HMSO. |
|
Article
|
L. R. Costello and A. M. Berry
|
L. R. Costello and A. M. Berry. 1991. The California tree failure report program: An overview. Journal of Arboriculture 17: 250-255. |
|
Article
|
W. Moore
|
W. Moore. 1999. The combined use of the resistograph and the Shigometer for the accurate mapping and diagnosis of the internal condition of woody support organs of trees. Arboricultural Journal 23: 274-87. |
|
Article
|
E. L. Stone
|
E. L. Stone. 1974. The communal root system of red pine: growth of girdled trees. Forest Science 20: 294-305. |
|
Article
|
M. Wang and M. Zhang
|
M. Wang and M. Zhang. 2004. The comparison of soil properties in different function zones of urban and suburban districts in Hangzhou city. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis 16: 377-380. |
|
Report
|
P. C. Mercer
|
P. C. Mercer. 1987. The detection of decay in trees with particular reference to the use of the Shigometer. |
|
Article
|
C. J. Baker
|
C. J. Baker. 1995. The development of a theoretical model for the wind throw of plants. Journal of Theoretical Biology 175: 335-372. |
|
Article
|
M.P. Coutts and C.C.N. Nielsen and B.C. Nicoll
|
M.P. Coutts and C.C.N. Nielsen and B.C. Nicoll. 1999. The development of symmetry, rigidity and anchorage in the structural root system of conifers. Plant and Soil 217: 1-15. |
|
Article
|
K. Schröder
|
K. Schröder. 1993. The double belt system for tree crown stabilization. Arboricultural Journal 17: 375-384. |
|
Article
|
Don Blair
|
Don Blair. 1993. The Dynamics of urban tree hazard reduction. Arbor Age 13-15. |
|
Article
|
K. Jacobs and B. Bao and B. Jeffers and D. Danielson
|
K. Jacobs and B. Bao and B. Jeffers and D. Danielson. 2000. The effect of Biobarrier on mycorrhizae in oak and sweetgum. Journal of Arboriculture 26: 92-96. |
|
Article
|
M. Winkelmann and A. D. Kendle
|
M. Winkelmann and A. D. Kendle. 1996. The effect of hydrophilic polyacrylamide gels on establishment of woody plants under droughted and saline conditions. Arboricultural Journal 20: 387-404. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson
|
G. W. Watson. 2006. The effect of paclobutrazol treatment on starch content, mycorrhizal colonization, and fine root density of white oaks (Quercus alba L.) . Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32: 114-117. |
|
Article
|
M. V. Symeonidou and P. G. Buckley
|
M. V. Symeonidou and P. G. Buckley. 1997. The effect of preplanting desiccation on survival and growth of Prunus cerasifera seedlings and the relationship of physiological indicators at planting with field performance and survival. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 44: 514-517. |
|
Article
|
C. J. Luley and S. Sisinni and A. Pleninger
|
C. J. Luley and S. Sisinni and A. Pleninger. 2002. The effect of pruning on service requests, branch failures, and priority maintenance in the city of Rochester, New York, US. Journal of Arboriculture 28: 137-142. |
|
Article
|
M. A. Ghani and A. Stokes and T. Fourcaud
|
M. A. Ghani and A. Stokes and T. Fourcaud. 2009. The effect of root architecture and root loss through trenching on the anchorage of tropical urban trees (Eugenia grandis Wight). Trees: Structure and Function 23: 197-209. |
|
Article
|
J. R. Williamson and W. A. Neilsen
|
J. R. Williamson and W. A. Neilsen. 2003. The effect of soil compaction, profile disturbance and fertilizer application on the growth of eucalypt seedlings in two glasshouse studies . Soil & Tillage Research 71: 95-107. |
|
Article
|
M. Nieuwenhuis and J. Wills and J. Gardiner and E. Sundstrom and M. Keane
|
M. Nieuwenhuis and J. Wills and J. Gardiner and E. Sundstrom and M. Keane. 2003. The effect of soil cultivation methods on rooting depth of young Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) trees on wet mineral soils in Ireland. Forestry 76: 445-477. |
|
Article
|
A. J. Heinicke
|
A. J. Heinicke. 1932. The effect of submerging the roots of apple trees at different seasons of the year. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science 29: 205-207. |
|
Article
|
Uldis Silins and Victor J. Lieffers and Lars Bach
|
Uldis Silins and Victor J. Lieffers and Lars Bach. 2000. The effect of temperature on mechanical properties of standing lodgepole pine trees. Trees - Structure and Function 14: 424-428. |
|
Webpage
|
Karen M Barry and Malcolm F Hall and Caroline L Mohammed
|
Karen M Barry and Malcolm F Hall and Caroline L Mohammed. 2005. The effect of time and site on incidence and spread of pruning-related decay in plantation-grown Eucalyptus nitens. |
|
Article
|
F. D. Miller and D. Neely
|
F. D. Miller and D. Neely. 1993. The effect of trenching on growth and plant health of selected species of shade tree. Journal of Arboriculture 19: 226-229. |
|
Article
|
Franka Bruchert and Barry Gardiner
|
Franka Bruchert and Barry Gardiner. 2006. The effect of wind exposure on the tree aerial architecture and biomechanics of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis, Pinaceae). American J. Botany 93: 1512-1521. |
|
Article
|
A. Zipse and C. Mattheck and D. Gräbe and Barry Gardiner
|
A. Zipse and C. Mattheck and D. Gräbe and Barry Gardiner. 1998. The effect of wind on the mechanical properties of wood in Scottish beech trees. Arboricultural Journal 22: 247-257. |
|
Article
|
M. R. Jacobs
|
M. R. Jacobs. The effect of wind on trees. Australian Forestry 1: 25-32. |
|
Article
|
K. M. Greenly and D. A. Rakow
|
K. M. Greenly and D. A. Rakow. 1995. The effect of wood mulch type and depth on weed and tree growth and certain soil parameters. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 225-232. |
|
Article
|
R. R. Hutchings and D. Sinnett and A. J. Peace and A. J. Moffat
|
R. R. Hutchings and D. Sinnett and A. J. Peace and A. J. Moffat. 2006. The effect of woodland growth on a containment landfill site in Hertfordshire, UK. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 5: 169-176. |
|
Article
|
A. J. Moffat and R. C. Boswell
|
A. J. Moffat and R. C. Boswell. 1997. The effectiveness of cultivation using the winged tine on restored sand and gravel workings. Soil & Tillage Research 40: 111-124. |
|
Article
|
K. Weber and C. Mattheck
|
K. Weber and C. Mattheck. 2006. The effects of excessive drilling diagnosis on decay propagation in trees. Trees-Structure and Function 20: 224-228. |
|
Article
|
J. Downer and D. Hodel
|
J. Downer and D. Hodel. 2001. The effects of mulching on establishment of Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Becc., Washingtonia robusta H. Wendl. and Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. & Drude in the landscape. Scientia Horticulturae 87: 85-92. |
|
Article
|
E. T. Smiley and B. Kane
|
E. T. Smiley and B. Kane. 2006. The effects of pruning type on wind loading of Acer rubrum.. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32: 33-40. |
|
Article
|
J. Kopinga
|
J. Kopinga. 1991. The effects of restricted volumes of soil on the growth and development of street trees. Journal of Arboriculture 17: 57-63. |
|
Conference
|
C. Giblin and J. Gilman and G. Johnson and P. Weicherding
|
C. Giblin and J. Gilman and G. Johnson and P. Weicherding. 2006. The effects of soil depth on the long-term health and frequency of storm damage to trees in the Upper Midwest. Proceedings of Trees and Planting: Getting the Roots Right Trees and Planting: Getting the Roots Right 33-39. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL. |
|
Article
|
R Milne and P Blackburn
|
R Milne and P Blackburn. 1989. The elasticity and vertical distribution of stress within stems of Picea sitchensis. Tree Physiology 5: 195-205. |
|
Article
|
D. Gaffrey and O. Kniemeyer
|
D. Gaffrey and O. Kniemeyer. 2002. The elasto-mechanical behaviour of Douglas fir, its sensitivity to tree-specific properties, wind and snow loads, and implications for stability - a simulation study. Journal of Forest Science 43: 49-69. |
|
Article
|
U. Weihs and W. Dubbel and F. Krummheuer and A. Just
|
U. Weihs and W. Dubbel and F. Krummheuer and A. Just. 1999. The electrical resistivity tomography - a promising technique for detection of coloured heartwood on standing beech trees. Forst und Holz 54: 166-170. |
|
Document
|
Martin Norris
|
Martin Norris. 2006. The elements of tree risk assessments. |
|
Article
|
R. R. Foil and C. W. Ralston
|
R. R. Foil and C. W. Ralston. 1967. The establishment and growth of loblolly pine seedlings on compacted soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 31: 565-568. |
|
Article
|
J-C. Ruel and D. Pin and L. Spacek and K. Cooper and R. Benoit
|
J-C. Ruel and D. Pin and L. Spacek and K. Cooper and R. Benoit. 1997. The estimation of wind exposure for windthrow hazard rating: comparison between Strongblow, MC2, Topex and a wind tunnel study. Forestry 70: 253-266. |
|
Article
|
David J. Ball
|
David J. Ball. 2007. The evolution of risk assessment and risk management: a background to the development of risk philosophy. Arboricultural Journal 30: 105-112. |
|
Article
|
D. R. Helliwell
|
D. R. Helliwell. 1986. The extent of tree roots. Arboricultural Journal 10: 341-347. |
|
Conference
|
G. Jeronimidis
|
G. Jeronimidis. 1980. The fracture behavior of wood and the relations beween toughness and morphology. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B. 208: 447-460. |
|
Article
|
M.J. Crook and A.R. Ennos and J.R. Banks
|
M.J. Crook and A.R. Ennos and J.R. Banks. 1997. The function of buttress roots: a comparative study of the anchorage systems of buttressed (Aglaia and Nephelium ramboutan species) and non-buttressed (Mallotus wrayi) tropical trees. Journal of Experimental Botany 48: 1703-1716. |
|
Book
|
Earl Kong
|
Earl Kong. 2000. The hazard tree handbook. 131. Mogavis Design Group, Inc.. |
|
Article
|
T. Gaertig and H. Schack-Kirchner and E. E. Hildebrand and K. von Wilpert
|
T. Gaertig and H. Schack-Kirchner and E. E. Hildebrand and K. von Wilpert. 2002. The impact of soil aeration on oak decline in southwestern Germany. Forest Ecology and Management 159: 15-25. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson and P. Kelsey
|
G. W. Watson and P. Kelsey. 2006. The impact of soil compaction on soil aeration and fine root density of Quercus palustris. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 4: 69-74. |
|
Article
|
T. W. Reisinger and G. L. Simmons and P. E. Pope
|
T. W. Reisinger and G. L. Simmons and P. E. Pope. 1988. The impact of timber harvesting on soil properties and seedling growth in the south. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 12: 58-67. |
|
Conference
|
J. C. Patterson and J. J. Murray and J. R. Short
|
J. C. Patterson and J. J. Murray and J. R. Short. 1980. The impact of urban soils on vegetation. Proceedings of the Third Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance 3: 33-56. ed. D. F. Karnosky, |
|
Article
|
J. Rishbeth
|
J. Rishbeth. 1983. The importance of honey fungus (Armillaria) in urban forestry. Arboricultural Journal 7: 217-225. |
|
Article
|
G. A. Fraser and G. C. Percival
|
G. A. Fraser and G. C. Percival. 2003. The influence of biostimulants on growth and vitality of three urban tree species following transplanting. Arboricultural Journal 27: 43-57. |
|
Article
|
G. C. Percival and S. Barnes
|
G. C. Percival and S. Barnes. 2007. The influence of carbohydrates, nitrogen fertilisers and water-retaining polymer root dips on survival and growth of newly transplanted bare-rooted silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Arboricultural Journal 30: 223-244. |
|
Article
|
K. D. Smith and P. B. May and G. M. Moore
|
K. D. Smith and P. B. May and G. M. Moore. 2001. The influence of compaction and soil strength on the establishment of four Australian landscape trees. Journal of Arboriculture 27: 1-7. |
|
Article
|
J. J. Philipson and M. P. Coutts
|
J. J. Philipson and M. P. Coutts. 1977. The influence of mineral nutrition on the root development of trees II. The effect of specific nutrient elements on the growth of individual roots of Sitka spruce. Journal of Experimental Botany 28: 864-871. |
|
Article
|
M. P. Coutts and J. J. Philipson
|
M. P. Coutts and J. J. Philipson. 1976. The influence of mineral nutrition on the root development of trees: I. The growth of Sitka spruce with divided root systems. Journal of Experimental Botany 27: 1102-1111. |
|
Article
|
G. C. Percival and I. P. Keary
|
G. C. Percival and I. P. Keary. 2008. The influence of nitrogen fertilization on waterlogging stresses in Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus robur L. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34: 29-40. |
|
Article
|
G. Percival and J. Gerritsen
|
G. Percival and J. Gerritsen. 1998. The influence of plant growth regulators on root and shoot growth of containerized trees following root removal. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology 73: 353-359. |
|
Article
|
A. J. Vrecenak and M. C. Vodak and L. E. Fleming
|
A. J. Vrecenak and M. C. Vodak and L. E. Fleming. 1989. The influence of site factors on the growth of urban trees. Journal of Arboriculture 15: 206-209. |
|
Article
|
G. A. Ruark and D. L. Mader and T. A. Tatter
|
G. A. Ruark and D. L. Mader and T. A. Tatter. 1982. The influence of soil compaction and aeration on the growth and vigor of trees-a literature review. Part 1. arboricultural Journal 6: 251-265. |
|
Article
|
C. T. Youngberg
|
C. T. Youngberg. 1959. The influence of soil conditions, following tractor logging, on the growth of planted Douglas fir seedlings. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America 23: 76-78. |
|
Article
|
M. S. Watt and J. R. Moore and B. McKinlay
|
M. S. Watt and J. R. Moore and B. McKinlay. 2005. The influence of wind on branch characteristics of Pinus radiata. Trees-Structure and Function 19: 58-65. |
|
Article
|
O. Stal
|
O. Stal. 1998. The interaction of tree roots and sewers: The Swedish experience. Arboricultural Journal 22: 359-367. |
|
Book
|
Charles Mynors
|
Charles Mynors. 2002. The law of trees, forests and hedgerows. 681. Sweet and Maxwell. |
|
Article
|
John M. Watt
|
John M. Watt. 2007. The management of risk with respect to cultural heritage - a cast study. Arboricultural Journal 30: 175-185. |
|
Article
|
Karl J. Niklas
|
Karl J. Niklas. 1999. The mechanical role of bark. American Journal of Botany 86: 465-469. |
|
Article
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge. 1998. The mechanical survival strategy of trees. Arboricultural Journal 22: 369-386. |
|
Book Section
|
J. R. Moore and D. A. Maguire
|
J. R. Moore and D. A. Maguire. 2002. The mechanics of trees under wind loading. Tree Structure and Mechanics Conference Proceedings. ed. ed. E. T. Smiley and K. D. Coder, International Society of Arboriculture. |
|
Article
|
P. J. Craul
|
P. J. Craul. 1994. The nature of urban soils: Their problems and future. Arboricultural Journal 18: 275-287. |
|
Article
|
N. Valoras and J. Letey and J. H. Stolzy and E. F. Frolich
|
N. Valoras and J. Letey and J. H. Stolzy and E. F. Frolich. 1964. The oxygen requirements for root growth of three avocado varieties. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science 85: 172-178. |
|
Webpage
|
J. Worrall
|
J. Worrall. 2004. The plant health instructor: Armillaria root disease. |
|
Article
|
G. C. Percival and A. Galloway
|
G. C. Percival and A. Galloway. 1999. The potential of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to detect salt and waterlogging stress in urban trees. Acta Horticulturae 496: 253-259. |
|
Article
|
K. A. Jacobs
|
K. A. Jacobs. 2005. The potential of mulch to transmit three tree pathogens. Journal of Arboriculture 31: 235-242. |
|
Article
|
D. K. Kennard and E. F. Putz and M. Niederhofer
|
D. K. Kennard and E. F. Putz and M. Niederhofer. 1996. The predictability of tree decay based on visual assessments. Journal of Arboriculture 22: 249-254. |
|
Article
|
O. J. Proulx and D. F. Greene
|
O. J. Proulx and D. F. Greene. 2001. The relationship between ice thickness and northern hardwood tree damage during ice storms. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31: 1758-1767. |
|
Article
|
W. Armstrong
|
W. Armstrong. 1967. The relationship between oxidation-reduction potentials and oxygen-diffusion levels in some waterlogged organic soils. Journal of Soil Science 18: 27-34. |
|
Article
|
C. J. Rooney and H. D. P. Ryan and D. V. Bloniarz and B. C. P. Kane
|
C. J. Rooney and H. D. P. Ryan and D. V. Bloniarz and B. C. P. Kane. 2005. The reliability of a windshield survey to locate hazards in roadside trees.. Journal of Arboriculture 31: 89-94. |
|
Article
|
J. I. Querejeta and A. Roldan and J. Albaladejo and V. Castillo
|
J. I. Querejeta and A. Roldan and J. Albaladejo and V. Castillo. 1998. The role of mycorrhizae, site preparation, and organic amendment in the afforestation of a semi-arid Mediterranean site with Pinus halepensis. Forest Science 44: 203-211. |
|
Article
|
B. D. Soane
|
B. D. Soane. 1990. The role of organic matter in soil compactibility: a review of some practical aspects. Soil & Tillage Research 16: 179-202. |
|
Article
|
N. S. Blaker and J. D. MacDonald
|
N. S. Blaker and J. D. MacDonald. 1986. The role of salinity in the development of Phytophthora root rot of citrus. Phytopathology 76: 970-975. |
|
Article
|
P. Howland and A. L. Griffith
|
P. Howland and A. L. Griffith. 1961. The root development of transplants after planting in the field. Empire Forestry Review 40: 66-70. |
|
Article
|
T. Lundström and M. Jonsson and M. Kalberer
|
T. Lundström and M. Jonsson and M. Kalberer. 2007. The root-soil system of Norway spruce subjected to turning moment: resistance as a function of rotation. Plant and Soil 300: 35-49. |
|
Book
|
Alexia Stokes
|
Alexia Stokes. 1995. The shape of tree root systems affect root wood strength. 53. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH. |
|
Article
|
P. J. Wilson
|
P. J. Wilson. 1983. The Shigometer technique in practice. Arboricultural Journal 7: 81-85. |
|
Article
|
G. T. Jane
|
G. T. Jane. 1969. The significance of natural root grafting in forestry. J Oxford Forest Soc 6: 14-16. |
|
Conference
|
T. O. Perry
|
T. O. Perry. 1980. The size, design and management of planting sites required for healthy tree growth. Proceedings of the Third Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance 3: 1-14. ed. D. F. Karnosky, |
|
Article
|
A. I. Fraser
|
A. I. Fraser. 1962. The soil and roots as factors in tree stability. Forestry 35: 117-127. |
|
Article
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge. 1998. The structural optimization of trees. Naturwissenschaften (Natural Sciences) 85: 1-10. |
|
Article
|
Ingo Burgert and Dieter Eckstein
|
Ingo Burgert and Dieter Eckstein. 2001. The tensile strength of isolated wood rays of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and its significance for the biomechanics of living trees. Trees - Structure and Function 15: 168-170. |
|
Report
|
J. N. Gibbs and D. W. French
|
J. N. Gibbs and D. W. French. 1980. The Transmission of Oak Wilt. USDA Forest Service Research Paper 17. |
|
Book
|
City and County of San Francisco
|
City and County of San Francisco. The tree assessment program. 69. City and County of San Francisco, Recreation and Park Department. |
|
Article
|
A. Saebo and F. Ferrini
|
A. Saebo and F. Ferrini. 2006. The use of compost in urban green areas - a review for practical application. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 4: 159-169. |
|
Article
|
M. A. Bozkurt and T. Yardgac and A. Yazzici
|
M. A. Bozkurt and T. Yardgac and A. Yazzici. 2010. The use of sewage sludge as an organic matter source in apple trees. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 19: 267-274. |
|
Article
|
J. M. Lichter and P. A. Lindsey
|
J. M. Lichter and P. A. Lindsey. 1994. The use of surface treatments for the prevention of soil compaction during site construction. Journal of Arboriculture 20: 205-209. institutionen för skogproduktion. |
|
Article
|
D. F. Cutler and P. E. Gasson and M. C. Farmer
|
D. F. Cutler and P. E. Gasson and M. C. Farmer. 1990. The wind blow tree survey: analysis of results. Arboricultural Journal 14: 265-286. |
|
Article
|
Stephen J. Mitchell
|
Stephen J. Mitchell. 1995. The windthrow triangle: A relative windthrow hazard assessment procedure for forest managers. Forestry Chronicle 71: 446-450. |
|
Report
|
Mary Torsello and Toni McLellan
|
Mary Torsello and Toni McLellan. There's life in hazard trees. 5. |
|
Article
|
G. Catena and L. Palla and M. Catalano
|
G. Catena and L. Palla and M. Catalano. 1990. Thermal infrared detection of cavities in trees. European Journal of Forest Pathology 20: 201-210. |
|
Article
|
Alessandra Catena
|
Alessandra Catena. 2004. Thermography reveals hidden tree decay. Arboricultural Journal 27: |
|
Article
|
A. Catena
|
A. Catena. 2003. Thermography reveals hidden tree decay. Arboricultural Journal 27: 27-42. |
|
Article
|
M. J. Jaffe and S. Forbes
|
M. J. Jaffe and S. Forbes. 1993. Thigmomorphogenesis: the effect of mechanical perturbation on plants. Plant Growth Regulation 12: 313-324. |
|
Article
|
P. C. Mercer
|
P. C. Mercer. 1979. Three-dimensional mapping of stain and decay columns in trees. Annals of Applied Biology 91: 107-112. |
|
Book Section
|
A. E. Erickson
|
A. E. Erickson. 1982. Tillage effects on soil aeration. Predicting Tillage Effects on Soil Physical Properties and Processes 91-104. ed. P. W. Unger and D. M. Van Doren Jr, American Society of Agronomy and the Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. |
|
Article
|
G. Yelenosky
|
G. Yelenosky. 1964. Tolerance of trees to deficiencies of soil aeration. International Shade Tree Conference Proceedings 40: 127-147. |
|
Article
|
G. Ware
|
G. Ware. 1993. Tough trees for urban environments. Morton Arboretum Quarterly 29: 42-48. |
|
Article
|
Nick Eden
|
Nick Eden. 2007. Towards a national standard for tree risk inspections. Arboricultural Journal 30: 127-136. |
|
Article
|
Neville Fay
|
Neville Fay. 2007. Towards reasonable tree risk decision-making?. Arboricultural Journal 30: 143-161. |
|
Report
|
O. Stal
|
O. Stal. 1995. Tradrotter och avloppsledningar. En fordjupad undersokning av rotproblem i nya avloppsledningar. Svenska Vatten och Avloppsverksforeningen 11. |
|
Report
|
O. Stal
|
O. Stal. 1992. Tradrotter och ledningar (Roots and pipes). Svenska Vatten-och Avloppsverksforeningen, VaV |
|
Conference
|
P. Gaidula
|
P. Gaidula. 1973. Training needs for field personnel in detection, evaluation, and control of tree hazards in forested recreation areas. Proceedings of the 21st Western International Forest Disease Work Conference. 55-70. |
|
Article
|
S. Messenger
|
S. Messenger. 1984. Treatment of chlorotic oaks and red maples by soil acidification. Journal of Arboriculture 10: 122-128. |
|
Article
|
David Lonsdale
|
David Lonsdale. 1990. Treatment of storm-damaged trees. |
|
Article
|
V. Verzilov
|
V. Verzilov. 1970. Treatment of trees with growth regulators during transplanting. Soviet Science Review 1: 157-161. |
|
Report
|
W. L. Fons and W. Y. Pong
|
W. L. Fons and W. Y. Pong. 1957. Tree breakage characteristics under static loading; ponderosa pine. 51. |
|
Article
|
Sondre Skatter and Bohumil Kucera
|
Sondre Skatter and Bohumil Kucera. 2000. Tree breakage from torsional wind loading due to crown asymmetry. Forest Ecology and Management 135: 97-103. |
|
Article
|
Dean A. Karlovich and John W. Groninger and David D. Close
|
Dean A. Karlovich and John W. Groninger and David D. Close. 2000. Tree condition associated with topping in Southern Illinois communities. Journal of Arboriculture 26: 87-91. |
|
Article
|
H. Stobbe and D. Dujesiefken and K. Schröder
|
H. Stobbe and D. Dujesiefken and K. Schröder. 2000. Tree crown stabilization with the double belt 'System Osnabrück'. Journal of Arboriculture 26: 270-274. |
|
Article
|
Weimin XI and Robert K. Peet and James K. Decoster and Dean L. Urban
|
Weimin XI and Robert K. Peet and James K. Decoster and Dean L. Urban. 2008. Tree damage risk factors associated with large, infrequent wind disturbances of Carolina forests. Forestry |
|
Report
|
A. L. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo. 1979. Tree decay: An expanded concept. 72. |
|
Report
|
A. L. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo. 1979. Tree Decay: An expanded concept. USDA Forest Service Agriculture Information Bulletin 419: 72. |
|
Report
|
A. L. Shigo
|
A. L. Shigo. 1983. Tree defects: a photo guide. 167. |
|
Article
|
B. F. Wilson and R. R. Archer
|
B. F. Wilson and R. R. Archer. 1979. Tree design: some biological solutions to mechanical problems. Bioscience 29: 293-298. |
|
Article
|
Brian Kane
|
Brian Kane. 2008. Tree failure following a windstorm in Brewster, Massachusetts, USA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 7: 15-23. |
|
Book
|
L. A. Paine and James W. Clarke
|
L. A. Paine and James W. Clarke. 1978. Tree failures and accidents in recreation areas: A guide to data management for hazard control. 30. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. |
|
Article
|
E. M. Sharon
|
E. M. Sharon. 1989. Tree failures, risk and reasonableness: a common sense approach. Arboricultural Journal 13: 193-209. |
|
Article
|
D. A. King
|
D. A. King. 1986. Tree form, height growth and susceptibility to wind damage in Acer saccharum. Ecology 67: 980-990. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson
|
G. W. Watson. 1998. Tree growth after trenching and compensatory crown pruning. Journal of Arboriculture 24: 47-53. |
|
Article
|
D. R. A. Helliwell
|
D. R. A. Helliwell. 1983. Tree growth and changes in soil moisture -- 2. Effects of building development on soil moisture. Arboricultural Journal 7: 96-100. |
|
Book
|
California Dept. of Parks and Recreation
|
California Dept. of Parks and Recreation. 1986. Tree hazard control. 54. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Section, Resource Protection Division. |
|
Book
|
L. A. Paine
|
L. A. Paine. 1967. Tree hazard control on recreation sites - estimating local budgets. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. |
|
Manuscript
|
Steven R. Bakken
|
Steven R. Bakken. 1986. Tree hazard control program: guidelines and standards for the California Department of Parks and Recreation. . 44. |
|
Document
|
California State Park System
|
California State Park System. 1969. Tree Hazard Control: Policy and Administration in the California State Park System.. |
|
Conference
|
D. B. Butts
|
D. B. Butts. 1973. Tree hazard program at Rocky Mountain National Park.. Proceedings of the 21st Western International Forest Disease Work Conference. |
|
Report
|
G. Wallis and D. Morrison and D. Ross
|
G. Wallis and D. Morrison and D. Ross. 1992. Tree hazards in recreation sites in British Columbia.. 52. |
|
Report
|
David W. Johnson
|
David W. Johnson. 1981. Tree hazards: recognition and reduction in recreation areas. 17. |
|
Article
|
E. M. Sharon
|
E. M. Sharon. 1987. Tree health management: evaluating trees for hazard. Journal of Arboriculture 13: 285-293. |
|
Article
|
D. J. Nowak and M. Kuroda and D. E. Crane
|
D. J. Nowak and M. Kuroda and D. E. Crane. 2004. Tree mortality rates and tree population projections in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2: 139-147. |
|
Article
|
Brian Kane and Peggi Clouston
|
Brian Kane and Peggi Clouston. 2008. Tree pulling tests of large shade trees in the genus Acer . Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34: 101-109. |
|
Article
|
Kim D. Coder
|
Kim D. Coder. 2000. Tree risk management. City Trees 36: |
|
Document
|
B. R. Fraedrich
|
B. R. Fraedrich. 1999. Tree Risk Management - Hazard Trees. Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory. |
|
Report
|
Kim D. Coder
|
Kim D. Coder. 1996. Tree risk management and hazard assessment: a general review. 10. |
|
Article
|
T. W. Wong and J. E. G. Good and M. P. Denne
|
T. W. Wong and J. E. G. Good and M. P. Denne. 1988. Tree root damage to pavements and kerbs in the city of Manchester. Arboricultural Journal 12: 17-34. |
|
Article
|
J. A. Wagar and P. A. Barker
|
J. A. Wagar and P. A. Barker. 1983. Tree root damage to sidewalks and curbs. Journal of Arboriculture 6: 95-105. |
|
Article
|
S. D. Day and P. E. Wiseman and S. B. Dickinson and J. R. Harris
|
S. D. Day and P. E. Wiseman and S. B. Dickinson and J. R. Harris. 2010. Tree root ecology in the urban environment and implications for a sustainable rhizosphere. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36: 193-205. |
|
Article
|
E. F. Gilman
|
E. F. Gilman. 1990. Tree root growth and development. II. Response to culture, management and planting. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 8: 220-227. |
|
Article
|
L. R. Costello and C. L. Elmore and S. Steinmaus
|
L. R. Costello and C. L. Elmore and S. Steinmaus. 1997. Tree root response to circling root barriers. Journal of Arboriculture 23: 211-218. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Watson
|
G. W. Watson. 1996. Tree root system enhancement with paclobutrazol. Journal of Arboriculture 22: 211-217. |
|
Report
|
P. G. Biddle
|
P. G. Biddle. 1998. Tree Roots and Foundations. Arboriculture Research and Information Note 6. |
|
Article
|
B. Kane and D. Ryan
|
B. Kane and D. Ryan. 2002. Tree roots and hazard tree evaluation. Tree Care Industry 41-43. |
|
Conference
|
K. Rolf and O. Stal and H. Schroeder
|
K. Rolf and O. Stal and H. Schroeder. 1995. Tree roots and sewer systems. In Trees and Building Sites. Proceedings International Conference held in the Interest of Developing a Scientific Basis for Managing Trees in Proximity to Buildings 68-71. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois USA. |
|
Article
|
K. Rolf and O. Stal
|
K. Rolf and O. Stal. 1994. Tree roots in sewer systems in Malmo, Sweden. Journal of Arboriculture 20: 329-335. |
|
Article
|
G. Watson
|
G. Watson. 1985. Tree size affects root regeneration and top growth after transplanting. Journal of Arboriculture 11: 37-40. |
|
Book Section
|
H. J. Bell and A. R. Dawson and C. J. Baker and C. J. Wright
|
H. J. Bell and A. R. Dawson and C. J. Baker and C. J. Wright. 1991. Tree stability. Research for practical arboriculture. 94 -101. ed. ed. S. J. Hodge, Forestry Commission, HMSO. |
|
Article
|
H. Rahardjo and F. R. Harnas and E. C. Leong and P. Y. Tan and Y. K. Fong and E. K. Sim
|
H. Rahardjo and F. R. Harnas and E. C. Leong and P. Y. Tan and Y. K. Fong and E. K. Sim. 2009. Tree stability in an improved soil to withstanding wind loading. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 8: 237-247. |
|
Article
|
M. F. O'Sullivan and R. M. Ritchie
|
M. F. O'Sullivan and R. M. Ritchie. 1993. Tree stability in relation to cyclic loading. Forestry 66: 69-82. |
|
Article
|
T. A. McMahon and R. E. Kronauer
|
T. A. McMahon and R. E. Kronauer. 1976. Tree structures: deducing the principle of mechanical design.. Journal of Theoretical Biology 59: 443-466. |
|
Article
|
Martinus Esser
|
Martinus Esser. 1946. Tree trunks and branches as optimum mechanical supports of the crown: II. The branches. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 8: 95-100. |
|
Article
|
Randall J. Schaetzl and Donald L. Johnson and Scot F. Burns and Thomas W Small
|
Randall J. Schaetzl and Donald L. Johnson and Scot F. Burns and Thomas W Small. 1989. Tree uprooting: review of terminology, process, and environmental implications. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19: 1-11. |
|
Article
|
D. Dujesiefken and Andreas Rhaesa and Dieter Eckstein and Horst Stobbe
|
D. Dujesiefken and Andreas Rhaesa and Dieter Eckstein and Horst Stobbe. 1999. Tree wound reactions of differently treated boreholes. Journal of Arboriculture 25: 113-123. |
|
Article
|
Peter Simpson and Rufin Van Bossuyt
|
Peter Simpson and Rufin Van Bossuyt. 1996. Tree-caused electric outages. Journal of Arboriculture 22: 117-121. |
|
Article
|
Glenn R. Matlack and Scott K. Gleeson and Ralph E. Good
|
Glenn R. Matlack and Scott K. Gleeson and Ralph E. Good. 1993. Treefall in a mixed oak-pine coastal plain forest: immediate and historical causation. Ecology 74: 1559-1566. |
|
Article
|
D. P. O'Callaghan and O. Kelly
|
D. P. O'Callaghan and O. Kelly. 2005. Tree-related subsidence: Pruning is not the answer. Journal of Building Approval 1: 113-129. |
|
Article
|
J. F. S. Pryke
|
J. F. S. Pryke. 1979. Trees and buildings. Arboricultural Journal 3: 388-396. |
|
Article
|
T. Flora
|
T. Flora. 1979. Trees and buildings 4. Trees and building foundations. . Arboricultural Journal 3: 419-425. |
|
Report
|
Richard J. Hauer and Mary C. Hruska and Jeffrey O. Dawson
|
Richard J. Hauer and Mary C. Hruska and Jeffrey O. Dawson. 1994. Trees and ice storms: the development of ice storm-resistant urban tree populations. 12. |
|
Report
|
Richard J. Hauer and Jeffrey O. Dawson and Les P. Werner
|
Richard J. Hauer and Jeffrey O. Dawson and Les P. Werner. 2006. Trees and ice storms: the development of ice storm-resistant urban tree populations, 2nd Ed.. 20. |
|
Article
|
S. M. Blunt
|
S. M. Blunt. 2008. Trees and pavements - are they compatible? . Arboricultural Journal 31: 73-80. |
|
Article
|
Erk Brudi
|
Erk Brudi. 2002. Trees and statics: an introduction. Arborist News 11: 28-33. |
|
Book Section
|
Erk Brudi and Philip Van Wassenaer
|
Erk Brudi and Philip Van Wassenaer. 2002. Trees and statics: nondestructive failure analysis. Tree structure and mechanics conference proceedings: how trees stand up and fall down. 53-69. ed. ed.E. T. Smiley and K. D. Coder, International Soceity of Arboriculture. |
|
Article
|
B. V. Borst
|
B. V. Borst. 1982. Trees and the law. Journal of Arboriculture 8: 271-276. |
|
Article
|
J. R. L. Allen
|
J. R. L. Allen. 1992. Trees and their response to wind: Mid Flandrian strong winds, Severn Estuary and Inner Bristol Channel, Southwest Britain. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 338: 335-364. |
|
Article
|
S. Cullen
|
S. Cullen. 2002. Trees and wind: a bibliography for tree care professionals. Journal of Arboriculture 28: 1. |
|
Article
|
Scott Cullen
|
Scott Cullen. 2005. Trees and wind: A practical consideration of the drag equation velocity exponent for urban tree risk management. Arboriculture \& Urban Forestry 31: 101-113. |
|
Article
|
S. Cullen
|
S. Cullen. 2002. Trees and wind: wind scales and speed. Journal of Arboriculture 28: 237-242. |
|
Article
|
T. D. Sydnor and D. Gamstetter and J. Nichols and B. Bishop and J. Favorite and C. Blazer and L. Turpin
|
T. D. Sydnor and D. Gamstetter and J. Nichols and B. Bishop and J. Favorite and C. Blazer and L. Turpin. 2000. Trees are not the root of sidewalk problems. Journal of Arboriculture 26: 20-29. |
|
Article
|
T. H. Whitlow and N. L. Bassuk
|
T. H. Whitlow and N. L. Bassuk. 1987. Trees in difficult sites. Journal of Arboriculture 13: 10-17. |
|
Article
|
F. H. Meyer
|
F. H. Meyer. 1987. Trees in urban environment. Boissiera 38: 17-23. |
|
Book
|
C. Mattheck
|
C. Mattheck. 1991. Trees. The mechanical design. 121. Springer. |
|
Article
|
A. D. Wilson and D. G. Lester
|
A. D. Wilson and D. G. Lester. 2002. Trench inserts as long-term barriers to root transmission for control of oak wilt. Plant disease 86: 1067-1074. |
|
Article
|
F. S. J. Santamour
|
F. S. J. Santamour. 1985. Trunk wood discoloration and decay following root wounding . Journal of Arboriculture 11: 257-262. |
|
Webpage
|
U.S. Dept. of Interior
|
U.S. Dept. of Interior. 1998. U.S. Park Service hazard tree guidelines. National Park Service, Dept. of the Interior |
|
Article
|
L. Sambuelli and LV Socco and A. Godio and G. Nicolotti and R. Martinis
|
L. Sambuelli and LV Socco and A. Godio and G. Nicolotti and R. Martinis. 2003. Ultrasonic, electric and radar measurements for living trees assessment. Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata (Bulletin of Theoretical and Applied Geophysicist) 44: 253-279. |
|
Article
|
Alessandra Catena
|
Alessandra Catena. 1997. Un albero appare molto danneggiato: lo si deve abbattere o conservare? La Termografia aiuta a prendere la decisione giusta (A tree appears very damaged: should it be removed or conserved? The infrared camera helps make the right decision). Linea Ecologica 1: 9-14. |
|
Article
|
T. Fourcaud and J. N. Ji and Z. Q. Zhang and A. Stokes
|
T. Fourcaud and J. N. Ji and Z. Q. Zhang and A. Stokes. 2008. Understanding the impact of root morphology on overturning mechanisms: a modelling approach. Annals of Botany 101: 1267-1280. |
|
Article
|
Thierry Fourcaud and Jin-Nan Ji and Zhi-Qiang Zhang and Alexia Stokes
|
Thierry Fourcaud and Jin-Nan Ji and Zhi-Qiang Zhang and Alexia Stokes. 2007. Understanding the Impact of Root Morphology on Overturning Mechanisms: A Modelling Approach. Annals of Botany 245. |
|
Book Section
|
C. J. Wood
|
C. J. Wood. 1995. Understanding wind forces on trees. Wind in trees. 133-163. ed. ed. M. P. Coutts and J. Grace, Cambridge University Press. |
|
Article
|
Jean-Claude Ruel
|
Jean-Claude Ruel. 1995. Understanding windthrow: Silvicultural implications. Forestry Chronicle 71: 434-445. |
|
Article
|
Alessandra Catena
|
Alessandra Catena. 1992. Une application de la Thermographie en phytopatologie. Phytoma 439: 46-48. |
|
Article
|
Franz Gruber
|
Franz Gruber. 2008. Untenable failure criteria for trees: I. The residual wall thickness rule. Arboricultural Journal 31: 5-18. |
|
Article
|
C. Bader
|
C. Bader. 2000. Untersuchungen uber den statisch wirksamen Wurzelraum. [Investigations on the stability relevant root zone] Fachhochschule [University of Applied Sciences] Nurtingen.. |
|
Article
|
C. Y. Jim
|
C. Y. Jim. 1998. Urban soil characteristics and limitations for landscape planting in Hong Kong. Landscape and Urban Planning 40: 235-249. |
|
Report
|
N. S. Q. Institute
|
N. S. Q. Institute. 2000. Urban Soil Compaction. Soil Quality - Urban Technical Note 4. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Quality Institute. |
|
Report
|
J. M. Scheyer and K. W. Hipple
|
J. M. Scheyer and K. W. Hipple. 2005. Urban Soil Primer. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center 74. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, Nebraska. |
|
Article
|
W. R. Graves
|
W. R. Graves. 1994. Urban soil temperatures and their potential impact on tree growth. Journal of Arboriculture 20: 24-27. |
|
Article
|
J. R. Urban
|
J. R. Urban. 2008. Urban soils. Part 3: Reducing compaction. Arborist News 17: 27-30. |
|
Book
|
Jill D. Pokorny and Joseph O'Brien and Richard J. Hauer and Gary Johnson and Jana Albers and Peter Bedker and Manfred Mielke
|
Jill D. Pokorny and Joseph O'Brien and Richard J. Hauer and Gary Johnson and Jana Albers and Peter Bedker and Manfred Mielke. 2003. Urban tree risk management: a community guide to program design and implementation. 204. USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area, State and Private Forestry. |
|
Article
|
J. Cermak and J. Hruska and M. Martinkova and A. Prax
|
J. Cermak and J. Hruska and M. Martinkova and A. Prax. 2000. Urban tree root systems and their survival near houses analyzed using ground penetrating radar and sap flow techniques. Plant and Soil 219: 103-116. |
|
Article
|
R. S. Foster and J. Blaine
|
R. S. Foster and J. Blaine. 1978. Urban tree survival: Trees in the sidewalk. Journal of Arboriculture 4: 14-17. |
|
Article
|
K. L. Wolf and N. J. Bratton
|
K. L. Wolf and N. J. Bratton. 2006. Urban trees and traffic safety: considering US roadside policy and crash data. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32: 170-179. |
|
Article
|
J. W. Gregg and G. J. Clive and T. E. Dawson
|
J. W. Gregg and G. J. Clive and T. E. Dawson. 2003. Urbanization effects on tree growth in the vicinity of New York City. Nature 424: 183-187. |
|
Article
|
J. R. Butnor and J. A. Doolittle and L. Kress and S. Cohen and K. H. Johnsen
|
J. R. Butnor and J. A. Doolittle and L. Kress and S. Cohen and K. H. Johnsen. 2001. Use of ground-penetrating radar to study tree roots in the southeastern United States. Tree Physiology 21: 1269-1278. Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. |
|
Article
|
G. C. Percival and G. A. Fraser
|
G. C. Percival and G. A. Fraser. 2005. Use of sugars to improve root growth and increase transplant success of birch (Betula pendula roth.). Journal of Arboriculture 31: 66-77. |
|
Article
|
Claus Matteck and G. Breloer and K. A. Bethge and W. A. Albrecht
|
Claus Matteck and G. Breloer and K. A. Bethge and W. A. Albrecht. 1995. Use of the fractometer to determine the strength of wood with incipient decay. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 105. |
|
Article
|
Claus Matteck and H. Breloer and K. Bethge and W. A. Albrecht and A. W. Zipse
|
Claus Matteck and H. Breloer and K. Bethge and W. A. Albrecht and A. W. Zipse. 1995. Use of the fractometer to determine the strength of wood with incipient decay. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 105-112. |
|
Article
|
J. Wilkes
|
J. Wilkes. 1983. Use of the Shigometer technique to detect decay in Eucalyptus. Australian Forestry 46: 35-38. |
|
Article
|
G. Nicolotti and P. Miglietta
|
G. Nicolotti and P. Miglietta. 1998. Using high-technology instruments to assess defects in trees. Journal of Arboriculture 24: 297-302. |
|
Article
|
J. Kopinga and J. van den Burg
|
J. Kopinga and J. van den Burg. 1995. Using soil and foliar analysis to diagnose the nutritional status of urban trees. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 17-24. |
|
Conference
|
F. I. McCracken
|
F. I. McCracken. 1985. Using sound to detect decay in standing hardwood trees. Proceedings, 5th Symposium on Nondestructive Testing of Wood. 281-287. |
|
Article
|
Robert R. Ross
|
Robert R. Ross. 1999. Using sound to detect decay in standing timber. International Forestry Review 1: 43-44. |
|
Article
|
Frederic Danjon and David H. Barker and Michael Drexhage and Alexia Stokes
|
Frederic Danjon and David H. Barker and Michael Drexhage and Alexia Stokes. 2007. Using Three-dimensional Plant Root Architecture in Models of Shallow-slope Stability. Annals of Botany 199. |
|
Conference
|
Theodor D. Leininger and Daniel L. Schmoldt and Frank H. Tainter
|
Theodor D. Leininger and Daniel L. Schmoldt and Frank H. Tainter. 2001. Using ultrasound to detect defects in trees: current knowledge and future needs. Proceedings of the 1st International Precision Forestry Cooperative Symposium. |
|
Article
|
J. R. Butnor and J. A. Doolittle and K. H. Johnsen and L. Samuelson and T. Stokes and L. Kress
|
J. R. Butnor and J. A. Doolittle and K. H. Johnsen and L. Samuelson and T. Stokes and L. Kress. 2003. Utility of ground-penetrating radar as a root biomass survey tool in forest systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal 67: 1607-1615. |
|
Article
|
R. E. Abbott and K. C. Miller
|
R. E. Abbott and K. C. Miller. 1991. Utility tree damage claims. Arbor Age 11: 32-33. |
|
Article
|
S. J. Morrison and P. A. Nicholl and P. R. Hicklenton
|
S. J. Morrison and P. A. Nicholl and P. R. Hicklenton. 1993. VA mycorrhizal inoculation of landscape trees and shrubs growing under high fertility conditions. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 11: 64-71. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Hickman and E. J. Perry and Richard Evans
|
G. W. Hickman and E. J. Perry and Richard Evans. 1995. Validation of a tree failure evaluation system . Journal of Arboriculture 21: 23-34. |
|
Article
|
A. Stokes and C. Mattheck
|
A. Stokes and C. Mattheck. 1996. Variation of wood strength in tree roots. Journal of Experimental Botany 47: 693-699. |
|
Book Section
|
F. LeTacon and I. F. Alvarez and D. Bouchard and B. Henrion and R. M. Jackson and S. Luff and J. I. Parlade and J. Pera and E. Stenstrom and N. Villeneuve and C. Walker
|
F. LeTacon and I. F. Alvarez and D. Bouchard and B. Henrion and R. M. Jackson and S. Luff and J. I. Parlade and J. Pera and E. Stenstrom and N. Villeneuve and C. Walker. 1992. Variations in field response of forest trees to nursery ectomycorrhizal inoculation in Europe. Mycorrhizas in Ecosystems 119-134. ed. D. J. Read and D. H. Lewis and I. Alexander, CAB International, UK. |
|
Article
|
K Niklas
|
K Niklas. 1999. Variations of the mechanical properties of Acer saccharum roots. Journal of Experimental Botany 50: 193-200. |
|
Article
|
Franz Gruber and H. Hagemann
|
Franz Gruber and H. Hagemann. 2000. Vergleich der Biegefestigkeiten an Buche, Pappel, Fichte und Douglasie mit dem Fractometer 1 und nach DIN 52 186 Prufverfahren (Comparison of the bending strength of beech, poplar, spruce and douglas fir with the Fractometer 1 and after DIN 52,186 test pr. European Journal of Forest Pathology 171: 137-144. |
|
Article
|
Franz Gruber
|
Franz Gruber. 2000. Vergleichende Meßergebnisse zur identifizierung von schadstellen im Fichtenholz (Picea abies L. Karst.) mit den Bohrmeßgeräten Teredo, Resistograph 1410 und Impulshammer-Schallmeßsystem. I. Schallmessungen und Bohrdiagramme an intaktem Holz. [Comparative. European Journal of Forest Pathology 171: 223-227. |
|
Article
|
Franz Gruber
|
Franz Gruber. 2001. Vergleichende Meßergebnisse zur identifizierung von schadstellen im Fichtenholz (Picea abies L. Karst.) mit den Bohrmeßgeräten Teredo, Resistograph 1410 und Impulshammer-Schallmeßsystem. II. Bohrdiagramme an rotfaulem Holz und Disdussion. [Comparative res. European Journal of Forest Pathology 171: 1-7. |
|
Article
|
P. J. Kalisz and J. W. Stringer and R. J. Wells
|
P. J. Kalisz and J. W. Stringer and R. J. Wells. 1994. Vertical mulching of trees: Effects on roots and water status. Journal of Arboriculture 20: 141-145. |
|
Book
|
C. Davis and Neville Fay and C. Mynors
|
C. Davis and Neville Fay and C. Mynors. 2000. Veteran trees: a guide to risk and responsibility. . 17. English Nature, Northminster House. |
|
Article
|
Djamel Ouis
|
Djamel Ouis. 1999. Vibrational and acoustical experiments on logs of spruce. Wood Science and Technology 33: 151-184. |
|
Article
|
L. H. Stolzy and J. Letey and L. J. Klotz and C. K. Labanauskas
|
L. H. Stolzy and J. Letey and L. J. Klotz and C. K. Labanauskas. 1965. Water and aeration as factors in root decay of Citrus sinensis. Phytopathology 55: 270-275. |
|
Article
|
R. K. Misra and R. Sands
|
R. K. Misra and R. Sands. 1993. Water extraction by isolated trees and its possible impact on building foundations on clay soils . Australian Journal of Soil Research 31: 25-37. |
|
Book Section
|
J. M. Duniway and T. R. Gordon
|
J. M. Duniway and T. R. Gordon. 1986. Water relations and pathogen activity in soil. Water, Fungi and Plants 119-137. ed. P. G. Ayres and L. Boddy, Cambridge University Press. |
|
Article
|
M. R. Kaufmann
|
M. R. Kaufmann. 1968. Water relations of pine seedlings in relation to root and shoot growth. Plant Physiology 43: 281-288. |
|
Article
|
G. W. Knox
|
G. W. Knox. 1989. Water use and average growth index of five species of container grown woody landscape plants. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 7: 136-139. |
|
Article
|
W. R. Graves and R. J. Joly and M. N. Dana
|
W. R. Graves and R. J. Joly and M. N. Dana. 1991. Water use and growth of honey locust and tree-of-heaven at high root-zone temperature. HortScience 26: 1309-1312. |
|
Article
|
K. J. M. Bonsen
|
K. J. M. Bonsen. 1993. Wetwood and its implications. Arboricultural Journal 17: 61-67. |
|
Book
|
J. C. Ward and W. Y. Pong and O. P. N. Forest and R. E. Station
|
J. C. Ward and W. Y. Pong and O. P. N. Forest and R. E. Station. 1980. Wetwood in trees: a timber resource problem. US Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. |
|
Article
|
N. E. D'amato and T. D. Sydnor and M. Knee and R. Hunt and B. Bishop
|
N. E. D'amato and T. D. Sydnor and M. Knee and R. Hunt and B. Bishop. 2002. Which comes first, the root or the crack? . Journal of Arboriculture 28: 277-282. |
|
Article
|
G. P. Cellerino and G. Nicolotti
|
G. P. Cellerino and G. Nicolotti. 1998. Which techniques should be used to diagnose urban tree root rot?. Informatore Fitopatologico 48: 45-50. |
|
Article
|
M. J. Weaver and R. J. Stipes
|
M. J. Weaver and R. J. Stipes. 1988. White pine decline: a case study from Virginia landscapes. Journal of Arboriculture 14: 109-120. |
|
Article
|
David J. Ball
|
David J. Ball. 2007. Why risk assessment needs an underpinning philosophy. Arboricultural Journal 30: 105-112. |
|
Article
|
C. Mattheck
|
C. Mattheck. 1990. Why they grow, how they grow: The mechanics of trees. Arboricultural Journal 14: 1-17. |
|
Article
|
F. Harvesting and S. Module
|
F. Harvesting and S. Module. Wildlife/Danger Tree Assessor’s Course Workbook. |
|
Document
|
Wildlife Tree Committee
|
Wildlife Tree Committee. 2001. Wildlife/Danger tree assessor's course workbook. Wildlife Tree Committe British Columbia. |
|
Article
|
T. K. Flesch and J. D. Wilson
|
T. K. Flesch and J. D. Wilson. Wind and remnant tree sway in forest cutblocks. II. Relating measured tree sway to wind statistics. Agricultural Forest Meteorology 93: |
|
Book
|
M. P. Coutts and John Grace and M. P. Coutts
|
M. P. Coutts and John Grace and M. P. Coutts. 1995. Wind and trees. 485. Cambridge University Press. |
|
Article
|
Mary L. Duryea and G. M. Blakeslee and W. G. Hubbard and R. A. Vasquez
|
Mary L. Duryea and G. M. Blakeslee and W. G. Hubbard and R. A. Vasquez. 1996. Wind and trees: A survey of homeowners after Hurricane Andrew. Journal of Arboriculture 22: 44-50. |
|
Report
|
Mary L. Duryea
|
Mary L. Duryea. 1997. Wind and trees: surveys of tree damage in the Florida panhandle after hurricanes Erin and Opal. |
|
Article
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge
|
C. Mattheck and K. Bethge. 1990. Wind breakage of trees initiated by root delamination. Trees - Structure and Function 4: 225-227. |
|
Article
|
R. Antonaroli
|
R. Antonaroli. 2000. Wind damage to urban trees: The case of Formigine (Modena district). Sherwood-Foreste 6: 11-14. |
|
Article
|
G. R. Stacey and R. E. Belcher and C. J. Wood and B. A. Gardiner
|
G. R. Stacey and R. E. Belcher and C. J. Wood and B. A. Gardiner. 1994. Wind flows and forces in a model spruce forest. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 69: 311-334. |
|
Report
|
A Harris
|
A Harris. 1999. Wind in the forests of southeast Alaska and guidelines for reducing damage. 63. |
|
Article
|
H. R. Oliver and G. J. Mayhead
|
H. R. Oliver and G. J. Mayhead. 1974. Wind measurements in a pine forest during a destructive gale. Forestry 47: 185-194. |
|
Article
|
J. J. Landsberg and G. B. James
|
J. J. Landsberg and G. B. James. 1971. Wind profiles in plant canopies: studies on an analytical model. J. Applied Ecology 8: 729-741. |
|
Conference
|
A. Alaoui Soulimani and G. Foret and H. Bossuat
|
A. Alaoui Soulimani and G. Foret and H. Bossuat. 1999. Wind stability analysis of urban trees. Proc. International Symposium on Urban Tree Health. 496: 279-287. Acta Hort (ISHS). |
|
Article
|
Stephan Vollsinger and Stephen J. Mitchell and Kenneth E. Byrne and Michael D. Novak and Mark Rudnicki
|
Stephan Vollsinger and Stephen J. Mitchell and Kenneth E. Byrne and Michael D. Novak and Mark Rudnicki. 2005. Wind tunnel measurements of crown streamlining and drag relationships for several hardwood species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 1238-1249. |
|
Article
|
Mark Rudnicki and Stephen J. Mitchell and Michael D. Novak
|
Mark Rudnicki and Stephen J. Mitchell and Michael D. Novak. 2004. Wind tunnel measurements of crown streamlining and drag relationships for three conifer species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34: 666-676. |
|
Book Section
|
Karl J. Niklas
|
Karl J. Niklas. 2002. Wind, size and tree safety. Tree Structure and Mechanics Conference Proceedings: how trees stand up and fall down. ed. ed. E. T. Smiley and K. D. Coder, International Soceity of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. |
|
Article
|
K. J. Niklas
|
K. J. Niklas. 2002. Wind, size, and tree safety. Journal of Arboriculture 28: 84-93. |
|
Article
|
K. J. Niklas and H. C. Spatz
|
K. J. Niklas and H. C. Spatz. 2000. Wind-induced stresses in cherry trees: evidence against the hypothesis of constant stress levels. Trees-Structure and Function 14: 230-237. |
|
Article
|
H. Mayer
|
H. Mayer. 1987. Wind-induced tree sways. Trees - Structure and Function 1: 195-206. |
|
Article
|
H. Mayer and M. R. Raupauch and W. Kohsiek and Barry Gardiner and J. A. Clarke and R. Amtmann and J. M. Crowther and P. G. Jarvis
|
H. Mayer and M. R. Raupauch and W. Kohsiek and Barry Gardiner and J. A. Clarke and R. Amtmann and J. M. Crowther and P. G. Jarvis. 1989. Windthrow. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 324: 267-281. |
|
Article
|
Jean-Claude Ruel and Daniel Pin
|
Jean-Claude Ruel and Daniel Pin. 1993. Windthrow along electrical distribution lines in a rural setting. Journal of Arboriculture 19: 271-277. |
|
Report
|
R. J. Stathers and T. P. Rollerson and S. J. Mitchell
|
R. J. Stathers and T. P. Rollerson and S. J. Mitchell. 1994. Windthrow handbook for British Columbia forests. BC Min. For., Victoria. 38. |
|
Report
|
K. F. Miller
|
K. F. Miller. 1985. Windthrow hazard classification. 14. |
|
Article
|
Jean-Claude Ruel and Daniel Pin and Kevin Cooper
|
Jean-Claude Ruel and Daniel Pin and Kevin Cooper. 2001. Windthrow in riparian buffer strips: effect of wind exposure, thinning and strip width. Forest Ecology and Management 143: 105-113. |
|
Article
|
M. J. Wood and R. Scott and P. W. Volker and D. J. Mannes
|
M. J. Wood and R. Scott and P. W. Volker and D. J. Mannes. 2008. Windthrow in Tasmania, Australia: monitoring, prediction and management. Forestry |
|
Article
|
P. Lohmander and F. Helles
|
P. Lohmander and F. Helles. 1987. Windthrow probability as a function of stand characteristics and shelter.. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 2: 227-238. |
|
Webpage
|
W. M. Association
|
W. M. Association. 2008. WMO guide to meteorological instruments and methods of observation WMO. Seventh edition. |
|
Article
|
S. W. Fraedrich and D. L. Ham
|
S. W. Fraedrich and D. L. Ham. 1982. Wood chip mulching around maples: effect on tree growth and soil characteristics. Journal of Arboriculture 8: 85-89. |
|
Book
|
C. J. Luley
|
C. J. Luley. 2005. Wood decay fungi common to living urban trees in the Northeast and Central United States. 61. Urban Forestry LLC. |
|
Article
|
Wagenführ
|
Wagenführ. 2003. Wood properties of the Norway maple. Forst und Holz 58: 695-699. |
|
Book
|
C. Mattheck and H. Kubler
|
C. Mattheck and H. Kubler. 1995. Wood: the internal optimization of trees. 129. Springer. |
|
Article
|
H. Rawlinson and N. Dickinson and P. Nolan and P. Putwain
|
H. Rawlinson and N. Dickinson and P. Nolan and P. Putwain. 2004. Woodland establishment on closed old-style landfill sites in N.W. England. Forest Ecology and Management 202: 265-280. |
|
Article
|
R. Gilbertson
|
R. Gilbertson. 1980. Wood-rotting fungi of North America. Mycologia 71: 1-49. |
|
Article
|
G. R. Robinson and S. N. Handel
|
G. R. Robinson and S. N. Handel. 1995. Woody plant roots fail to penetrate a clay-lined landfill: management implications. Environmental Management 19: 57-64. |
|
Article
|
Curt Leben
|
Curt Leben. 1985. Wound occlusion and discolouration columns in red maple. New Phytologist 99: 485-490. |
|
Book Section
|
T. Kowol and R. Kehr and R. Wohler and D. Dujesiefken
|
T. Kowol and R. Kehr and R. Wohler and D. Dujesiefken. 2001. Wundreaktionen und Pilzbefall im Holzkörpernach
IML-Resistograph-
und Zuwachsbohrer-Einsatz
zur Baumuntersuchung im Bereich von Fäulen. (Wundreaktionen and fungal attack in Wood body after IML Resistograph and Increase drill employment to Tree investigati. Jahrbuch der Baumpflege (Yearbook of tree care). 203-211. ed. ed. A. Wohler and D. Dujesiefken, Thalacker, Braunschwieg. |
|
Article
|
T. J. Proffer
|
T. J. Proffer. 1988. Xylaria root-rot of urban trees caused of Xylaria polymorpha . Plant Disease 72: 79-79. |
|
Article
|
R. C. Beeson and K. G. Keller
|
R. C. Beeson and K. G. Keller. 2001. Yard waste compost as a landscape soil amendment for azaleas. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 19: 222-225. |
|
Article
|
M G Cannell and J Morgan
|
M G Cannell and J Morgan. 1987. Young's modulus of sections of living branches and tree trunks. Tree Physiology 3: 355-64. |
|
Article
|
H. Balder and D. Dujesiefken and T. Kowol and E. Schmitz-Felten
|
H. Balder and D. Dujesiefken and T. Kowol and E. Schmitz-Felten. 1995. Zur wirkung von wundbehandlungen an wurzeln bei eiche und linde [Aspects of wound treatments of oak and basswood roots] . Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes 47: 28-35. |